Table 1.

List of drugs inhibiting the inflammatory pathways implicated in granuloma dissociation with proven efficacy in animal models [adapted from Ref. (2, 6)].

Drug/compound	Potential target/pathway	Mechanism of action	Reported outcomes	Development stage
Etanercept	TNF-α	Blocks excess TNF-α	Reduced bacterial burdens and lung damage	Preclinical
Zileuton	ALOX5	Inhibits the synthesis of inflammatory eicosanoids by blocking the activity of lipoxygenases	Reduced bacterial burdens and increased survival of susceptible mice	Preclinical
Ibuprofen	Eicosanoid pathway	Limits inflammation by possibly modulating the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids	Increased survival of Mtb-infected mice and reduced tissue inflammation	Preclinical
Simvastatin	Cholesterol biosynthesis	Blocks the biosynthesis of cholesterol and augments autophagy and phagosome–lysosome maturation	Increased survival of Mtb-infected mice and ameliorated tissue pathology	Preclinical