Table 1. AuNC Acceptor and Donor Optical Properties.

	Φ	Abs(max, nm)	Em(max, nm)	ɛ (M−1cm−1)	τ (s)	kr0 (s−1)	knr0(s−1)
AuNC	0.06	—	820*	4.5 × 104 (520 nm)	7.5 × 10−7	8.0 × 104	1.3 × 106
Cy3	0.09	550	570	1.5 × 105	5.7 × 10−10	1.6 × 108	1.6 × 109
R-Red	0.20	570	580	1.3 × 105	2.8 × 10−9	7.2 × 107	2.9 × 108
Ru(bpy)	0.07	445	615	1.8 × 104	3.9 × 10−7	1.8 × 105	2.4 × 106
Tb(chelate)	0.30	343	545	1.3 × 104	9.1 × 10−4	3.3 × 102	7.7 × 102
QD545	0.16	533	545	1.6 × 105	7.3 × 10−9	2.2 × 107	1.2 × 108
QD625	0.50	611	625	5.0 × 105	6.1 × 10−8	8.2 × 106	8.2 × 106

Φ = quantum yield, Abs(max) = maximum absorption peak/QD first absorption band, Em(max) = maximum emission wavelength, ɛ = extinction coefficient, τ = amplitude weighted averaged lifetime, k_r0 = radiative decay rate, k_nr0 = nonradiative decay rate. ^*FWHM ~220 nm.