Table 3. Summary of ICG-NP’s USF performance.
| HIFU central frequency & Power | Target size & Imaging Depth | Scattering Medium | SNR*11 | FWHM*12 (mm) | Sample Temperature (°C) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICG-encapsulated ACA-PNIPAM-SDS NPs(LCST = 26 °C) | 15 MHz 350 mV | 310 um & 10 mm | Porcine Tissue Phantom | ~34.0 | ~0.70 | 23.5 |
| ICG-encapsulated ACA-PNIPAM-SDS NPs(LCST = 26 °C) | 15 MHz 500 mV | 310 um & 10 mm | Porcine Tissue Phantom | ~47.6 | ~0.93 | 23.5 |
| ICG-encapsulated ACA-PNIPAM-SDS NPs(LCST = 40 °C) | 15 MHz 500 mV | 310 um & 10 mm | Porcine Tissue Phantom | ~37.7 | ~0.87 | 37.2 |
*1,2,3: The LCST of both ICG-encapsulated APS-PNIPAM-SDS NPs and ACA-PNIPAM-Pluronic NPs could be adjusted by change the molecular ratio of monomer NIPAM, TBAm, AAm in synthesis of nanoparticles. Typically, for ICG-encapsulated APS-PNIPAM-SDS NPs, LCST could be adjusted to 28 °C (NIPAM-TBAm 185:15), 31 °C (NIPAM 100%), 37 °C (NIPAM-AAm 90:10), and 41 °C (NIPAM-AAm 86:14) according to our previous paper15. For ICG-encapsulated ACA-PNIPAM-SDS NPs, LCST could be adjusted to 26 °C (NIPAM-TBAm 185:15), 30 °C (NIPAM 100%), 36 °C (NIPAM-AAm 90:10), 40 °C (NIPAM-AAm 85:15), similar to for the ICG-encapsulated ACA-PNIPAM-Pluronic NPs.
*4,5: There are two types of ICG-encapsulated ACA-PNIPAM-Pluronic NPs: one adopts surfactant pluronic F98 (containing two hydroxyl groups at its hydrophilic ends) and the other adopts surfactant carboxylized pluronic F127 (containing two carboxyl groups at its hydrophilic ends).
*6,7,8,9,10: The data about the shelf life in Tables 1 and 2 represents the longest time that we can measure after the sample synthesis when preparing this paper and their shelf life may be longer than that.
*11,12: SNR and FWHM refers to the mean of signal-to-noise-ratio and the mean of full-width-half-maximum in each USF scan correspondingly.