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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 24.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ Rev. 2016 Aug;106(8):2110–2144. doi: 10.1257/aer.20151080

Table 3.

Correlation of Quality Metrics within Condition

Metric (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
AMI
HF
Risk-Adj
Survival
Risk-Adj
Readm
Process
of Care Z
Patient
Survey Z
Risk-Adj
Survival
Risk-Adj
Readm
Process
of Care Z
Patient
Survey Z
Risk-Adjusted Survival 1.00
[2,890]
1.00
[4,023]
Risk-Adjusted Readmission 0.03
[2,322]
1.00
[2,322]
0.35
[3,904]
1.00
[3,904]
Process of Care Z-Score 0.24
[2,346]
−0.25
[2,214]
1.00
[2,398]
0.17
[3,607]
−0.15
[3,578]
1.00
[3,666]
Patient Survey Z-Score −0.06
[2,799]
−0.26
[2,293]
0.18
[2,370]
1.00
[3,498]
−0.18
[3,447]
−0.36
[3,398]
0.01
[3,392]
1.00
[3,598]
Metric Pneumonia
Hip/Knee Replacement
Risk-Adj
Survival
Risk-Adj
Readm
Process
of Care Z
Patient
Survey Z
Risk-Adj
Survival
Risk-Adj
Readm
Process
of Care Z
Patient
Survey Z

Risk-Adjusted Survival 1.00
[4,325]
Risk-Adjusted Readmission 0.08
[4,264]
1.00
[4,264]
1.00
[2,632]
Process of Care Z-Score 0.08
[3,871]
−0.18
[3,847]
1.00
[3,920]
Patient Survey Z-Score −0.03
[3,527]
−0.36
[3,503]
0.18
[3,512]
1.00
[3,610]
−0.23
[2,542]
1.00
[3,061]

Hospitals used to calculate correlation in brackets. All quality metrics are condition-specific except the patient survey, which is only available as an all-patient average. Correlations involving risk-adjusted survival and readmission are adjusted to account for measurement error (see Appendix Section C.3.2).