Effect of C6-ceramide on homotypic cell aggregation stimulated by anti-β1 mAbs. Jurkat cells (8 × 105/ml) were incubated for 2 h at 37 °C in the presence of the indicated mAbs, in the presence of DMSO (solvent control) or 10 μm C6-ceramide, and photographed using a phase-contrast microscope. C6-ceramide did not cause any reduction in cell viability over the time course of the experiment (>97% of cells were viable both before and after the experiment, as determined by propidium iodide staining, data not shown). Scale bars, 50 μm. TS2/16 is used as a negative control mAb in this assay. Inset shows histogram of mean aggregate size, averaged over three fields of view (mean ± S.D.). The experiment shown is representative of three separate experiments.