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. 2016 Jun 1;95(11):1221–1229. doi: 10.1177/0022034516651823

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Mutations leading to the premature fusion of cranial synchondroses. Chondrocyte-specific deletion of Indian hedgehog (Ihh), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) mutations (FGFR3369/369, FGFR3G374R/+, FGFR3P244R+/+, FGFR3365/+, FGFR2IIIcP253R, FGFR2IIIc−/−, FGFR2P253R/+), and primary cilia signaling dysregulation (loss of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome protein homolog [EVC] and chondrocyte-specific deletion of Kif3a [a component of the Kinesin-II motor complex] or intraflagellar transport 88 [IFT88]) can all lead to the premature fusion of synchondroses in mice.