FIGURE 3.

Effects of Tsc1 deficiency on glucose metabolism in mouse glioma cells. A, scheme showing quantitation of changes to metabolites in the pentose phosphate and glycolysis pathways that were associated with Tsc1 deletion in huKO⁺ cells. Control and Tsc1-deficient cells were cultured without EGF + FGF2 and subjected to quantification of metabolites. Data for each metabolite are the mean ratio ± S.D. (error bars) relative to the value in control cells. B, qRT-PCR analysis of Glut1, Hk2, and Pkm2 mRNA levels in the control and Tsc1-deficient cells in A. Data were normalized to β-actin and are presented as the mean -fold change ± S.D. relative to control cells. C, representative analysis of glucose uptake by control and Tsc1-deficient cells that were treated with 2-NBDG and analyzed by flow cytometry. D and E, quantitation of ratios of viable cells in control and Tsc1-deficient cultures that received the indicated concentrations of glucose (D) or glutamine (E) for 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by a WST-8 assay. Data are the mean ± S.D. and are expressed as the percentage of the value of control cells cultured with 3.15 g/liter glucose (D) or 2.5 mm glutamine (E). **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.