Fig 3. Increased central activation in early-staged PD patients vs. healthy controls for the HPS condition.

Increased central activation (p < 0.05, FWE cluster corrected) for the high laser pain condition (HPS, target energy E = 600 mJ) in patients with early-staged Parkinson’s disease (PD, OFF state) vs. healthy control subjects (HC) in posterior cingulate cortex (A) and precuneus (B). Trend activation (p < 0.001, uncorrected) in ipsilateral medial frontal gyrus (C) and bilateral thalamus (D).