Table 3. Main effects of laser pain stimulation in PD patients.
| Cytoarchitectonic region | Side | K | T | Z | x | y | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LPSPD > baseline | |||||||
| Mesial cingulate cortex | R | 207 | 6.06 | 4.02 | 6 | 17 | 46 |
| Mesial cingulate cortex | R | 5.36 | 3.76 | 6 | 8 | 37 | |
| Supplementary motor area | R | 5.03 | 3.62 | 6 | 8 | 55 | |
| Insula lobe (OP2) | L | 116 | 5.10 | 3.65 | -33 | -22 | 16 |
| Rolandic operculum (OP4) | L | 5.07 | 3.64 | -51 | -1 | 4 | |
| Insula lobe | L | 4.50 | 3.38 | -39 | 5 | 7 | |
| Rolandic operculum (OP4) | R | 99 | 5.07 | 3.64 | 51 | -1 | 7 |
| Inferior frontal gyrus (p. opercularis) | R | 4.71 | 3.48 | 51 | 11 | 13 | |
| Insula lobe, OP3 | R | 4.54 | 3.40 | 36 | -1 | 10 | |
| Insula lobe | L | 87 | 6.91 | 4.31 | -30 | 26 | 4 |
| Rolandic operculum | R | 73 | 5.32 | 3.74 | 45 | -19 | 22 |
| Rolandic operculum (OP1) | R | 4.67 | 3.46 | 63 | -19 | 16 | |
| Supramarginal gyrus, PFop (IPL) | R | 4.49 | 3.37 | 51 | -28 | 25 | |
| Postcentral gyrus, PFop (IPL) | L | 59 | 4.73 | 3.49 | -63 | -22 | 19 |
| Supramarginal gyrus, PFop (IPL) | L | 4.52 | 3.39 | -60 | -28 | 28 | |
| Superior temporal gyrus, PFcm (IPL) | L | 4.30 | 3.28 | -54 | -34 | 13 | |
| HPSPD > baseline | |||||||
| Insula lobe, OP2 | L | 1667 | 11.31 | 5.34 | -33 | -19 | 16 |
| Thalamus, parietal | R | 9.04 | 4.88 | 12 | -25 | 4 | |
| OP1 | L | 8.76 | 4.82 | -45 | -19 | 10 | |
| Insula, Id1 | R | 837 | 9.04 | 4.88 | 42 | -1 | -17 |
| Rolandic operculum, Pfop (IPL) | R | 8.36 | 4.72 | 57 | -16 | 19 | |
| Insula lobe, Ig2 | R | 6.96 | 4.33 | 39 | -13 | 10 | |
| Mesial cingulate cortex | L | 522 | 7.24 | 4.41 | -6 | 8 | 40 |
| Mesial cingulate cortex | R | 6.47 | 4.17 | 3 | 8 | 43 | |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | L | 6.46 | 4.17 | -3 | 17 | 31 | |
| Precuneus, 5m (SPL) | L | 392 | 7.42 | 4.46 | -6 | -49 | 61 |
| Precuneus, 5l (SPL) | R | 7.32 | 4.43 | 9 | -52 | 64 | |
| Superior parietal lobule, 5l (SPL) | L | 7.21 | 4.40 | -18 | -43 | 64 | |
| Posterior cingulate cortex | R | 57 | 6.19 | 4.07 | 6 | -31 | 25 |
Maxima of activation clusters for the LPS and HPS condition in patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD, OFF state). Statistical threshold: p < 0.05, FWE cluster corrected; italic: trend activation at p < 0.001, uncorrected (extent threshold 59 vx).
HPS: high pain laser stimulus (target energy E = 600 mJ), IPL: inferior parietal lobule, K: cluster size, L: left, LPS: low pain laser stimulus (target energy E = 440 mJ), OP: parietal operculum, R: right, SPL: superior parietal lobule, T: T values, X/Y/Z: coordinates in MNI space, Z: Z scores.