Table 4. Kidney Transplant PSP top ten priorities for future research.

Question
What is the best way to treat vascular or antibody-mediated acute rejection?
How can immunosuppression be personalised to the individual patients to improve the results of transplantation?
How can we prevent sensitisation in patients with a failing transplant, to improve their chances of another successful transplant (e.g. removal of the transplant, withdrawal of immunosuppressive medicines or continuation of these medicines?)
Can we improve monitoring of the level of immunosuppression to achieve better balance between risk of rejection and side effects? (e.g. T-cell or B-cell ELISPOT, point-of-care tacrolimus monitoring, MMF monitoring)
How can we improve transplant rates in highly sensitised patients?
What are the long-term health risks to the living kidney donor?
How can we encourage tolerance to the transplant to prevent or reduce the need for immunosuppression? (e.g. by use of T-regulatory cells, induction of haemoxygenase 1)
What is the best combination of immunosuppressive drugs following kidney transplantation? (e.g. azathioprine or mycophenolate, belatacept, generic or proprietary (brand-name) drugs)
What techniques to preserve, condition and transport the kidney before transplantation allow increased preservation times and/or improve results? (e.g. machine perfusion, normothermic reconditioning, addition of agents to the perfusate)
Can bioengineered organs be developed to be as safe as human-to-human transplants? How can this be achieved?

The order of questions does not reflect priority.