Table 1. Selected model inputs.

Variable	Base-case value (%)	Range (%)
Screening test characteristicsa
Probability of abnormal cytology (ASC-US+) given high-grade precancer or worse	70	40
Probability of positive high-risk HPV DNA test given high-risk HPV	100	90
Probability of abnormal biopsy (CIN2+) given high-grade precancer or worse	86
Unit costs	Baseline ($)	Range ($)
Physician consultationb
Screening (cytology and/or HPV test)	122	61 - 244
Verification of high-grade lesion (colposcopy w/biopsy)	258	129 - 516
Analyzing test sample at pathology laboratoryc
Cytology	45	22 - 89
HPV DNA test	39	20 - 79
Cervical biopsy	124	62 - 247
Patient time and travel costsd
Screening consultation	120	0
Colposcopy examination	150	0
Precancer and cancer treatmente
High-grade precancers	1,682	841 - 3,364
Local cancer	26,941	13,471 - 53,882
Regional cancer	56,601	28,301 - 113,202
Distant cancer	41,367	20,684 - 82,735

ASC-US+: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse, CIN2+: ce rvical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse, HPV: Human papillomavirus.

^aBased on primary data from the New Mexico HPV Pap Registry and published data.[29-33]

^bBased on published Norwegian fee schedules.

^cBased on actual resource use in Norwegian pathology laboratories (details available in the Supplementary Appendix).

^dIncludes round-trip travel costs to attend physician consultation, as well as productivity losses associated with travel-, wait-, and consultation-time.

^eBased on published Norwegian fee schedules and includes patient time and travel costs. All costs are expressed in 2014 US dollars (US$ = NOK6.30).