Table 2. Arthrodesis rates in cervical fusion procedures.
| First author | Study design | No. of subjects | Fusion rates | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| An18 | Prospective comparative study | 77 (nonsmokers: 43; smokers: 34) | Nonsmokers: 72.1%; smokers: 52.9% (p = 0.13) | Nearly 50% (38/77) of patients underwent single-level ACDF |
| Bishop7 | Prospective comparative study | 132 (nonsmokers: 73; smokers: 59) | Nonsmokers: 100%; smokers: 86.5% | Higher rates of nonunion, delayed union, disk space collapse in smokers undergoing ACDF, particularly in cases using allograft |
| Eubanks23 | Retrospective case series | 158 (nonsmokers: 117; smokers: 41) | Nonsmokers: 100%; smokers: 100% | Identical fusion rates in smokers and nonsmokers undergoing posterior cervical decompression and fusion with iliac crest bone graft |
| Hilibrand21 | Retrospective case series | 190 (nonsmokers: 140; smokers: 50) | Nonsmokers: 81%; smokers: 62% (p < 0.02) | Lower fusion rates in smokers undergoing ACDF but similar fusion rates in corpectomy cases between groups |
| Lau22 | Retrospective case series | 166 (nonsmokers: 79; quitters: 41; smokers: 40) | Nonsmokers: 95.7%; quitters: 91.2%; smokers: 84% (p = 0.163) | Defined quitters as anyone who ever smoker but quit 1 y prior to surgery |
| Luszczyk20 | Retrospective case series (review of data from control group of 5 studies) | 573 (nonsmokers: 417; smokers:156) | Nonsmokers: 91.6%; smokers: 91.0% (p = 0.867) | No significant differences in fusion rates of patients undergoing single-level ACDF with allograft bone and instrumentation |
Abbreviation: ACDF, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion.