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. 2016 Oct 25;10:543. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00543

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Copyright © 2016 Forman, Richards, Forman, Holmes and Power.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Group data (mean ± SE, n = 10) during arm cycling for (A) MEP amplitudes of the biceps brachii, (B) biceps brachii pre-stimulus EMG prior to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and (C) triceps brachii pre-stimulus EMG prior to TMS. Black bars correspond to measures taken during arm cycling with a neutral handgrip while white bars correspond to a pronated handgrip. MEP amplitudes are shown relative to the M_max taken during the same experimental condition. EMG is normalized to the maximum EMG found during the 10 s, maximal arm-cycling sprint. Asterisks denote a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two handgrip positions.