Table 2. Genetic correlations between the cognitive and education phenotypes documented in the UK Biobank data set and the health-related variables collected from GWAS consortia.

Health-related variables from GWAS consortia	Verbal-numerical reasoning (n=36 035)			Reaction time (n=111 484)			Memory (n=112 067)			Educational attainment (n=111 114)
	rg	s.e.	P	rg	s.e.	P	rg	s.e.	P	rg	s.e.	P
Vascular–metabolic diseases
Coronary artery disease	−0.086	0.062	0.163	0.058	0.066	0.378	0.058	0.074	0.430	−0.262	0.048	5.6 × 10−8
Stroke: ischaemic	−0.231	0.092	0.012	−0.007	0.088	0.935	0.035	0.095	0.711	−0.168	0.066	0.011
Stroke: cardioembolic	−0.037	0.133	0.781	−0.104	0.125	0.405	−0.056	0.134	0.679	−0.027	0.092	0.771
Stroke: large vessel disease	−0.408	0.187	0.029	−0.061	0.156	0.695	0.010	0.172	0.953	−0.336	0.145	0.020
Stroke: small vessel disease	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Type 2 diabetes	−0.023	0.064	0.725	0.034	0.064	0.590	0.059	0.077	0.444	−0.090	0.050	0.074
Neuropsychiatric disorders
ADHD	−0.334	0.147	0.023	−0.072	0.138	0.599	−0.043	0.159	0.788	−0.305	0.141	0.030
Alzheimer's disease	−0.394	0.124	0.002	0.042	0.085	0.622	−0.131	0.116	0.256	−0.266	0.082	0.001
Alzheimer's disease (500 kb)	−0.325	0.081	6.0 × 10−5	0.036	0.070	0.603	−0.117	0.097	0.229	−0.223	0.057	1.0 × 10−4
Autism	0.187	0.066	0.005	−0.160	0.067	0.016	−0.092	0.081	0.258	0.344	0.053	6.7 × 10−11
Bipolar disorder	−0.107	0.063	0.091	−0.131	0.066	0.048	−0.237	0.073	0.001	0.219	0.047	4.0 × 10−6
Major depressive disorder	−0.108	0.093	0.248	−0.248	0.087	0.004	−0.217	0.106	0.042	−0.103	0.082	0.213
Schizophrenia	−0.295	0.045	3.5 × 10−11	−0.240	0.040	2.1 × 10−9	−0.339	0.041	1.1 × 10−16	0.128	0.034	1.1 × 10−16
Brain measures
Hippocampal volume	−0.040	0.107	0.710	0.222	0.124	0.073	0.014	0.132	0.916	−0.076	0.086	0.380
Intracranial volume	0.245	0.101	0.015	−0.175	0.098	0.073	0.084	0.114	0.463	0.442	0.084	2.0 × 10−4
Infant head circumference	0.193	0.093	0.038	−0.048	0.080	0.547	0.103	0.097	0.287	0.248	0.069	3.0 × 10−4
Physical and physiological measures
Blood pressure: diastolic	−0.071	0.057	0.213	−0.074	0.054	0.172	−0.050	0.065	0.442	−0.071	0.039	0.067
Blood pressure: systolic	−0.061	0.058	0.297	−0.027	0.052	0.600	−0.010	0.063	0.873	−0.082	0.037	0.026
BMI	−0.119	0.033	2.0 × 10−4	−0.028	0.028	0.317	0.154	0.035	1.0 × 10−5	−0.233	0.024	3.6 × 10−22
Height	0.056	0.029	0.054	0.067	0.027	0.014	−0.017	0.033	0.609	0.120	0.024	5.0 × 10−7
Longevity	0.111	0.092	0.226	−0.067	0.086	0.437	0.130	0.114	0.254	NA	NA	NA
Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)	0.109	0.054	0.044	−0.061	0.048	0.209	−0.023	0.066	0.722	NA	NA	NA
Life-course cognitive traits and proxies
Childhood cognitive ability	0.812	0.094	6.2 × 10−18	0.067	0.089	0.451	0.100	0.112	0.370	0.906	0.082	4.2 × 10−28
College degree	0.749	0.055	3.3 × 10−42	0.046	0.053	0.388	−0.050	0.060	0.404	0.984	0.041	3.8 × 10−130
Years of education	0.720	0.056	2.0 × 10−38	0.031	0.048	0.523	−0.050	0.059	0.403	0.948	0.041	1.4 × 10−115

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; BMI, body mass index; GWAS, genome-wide association study; NA, not available; r_g, genetic correlation.

Statistically significant P-values (after false discovery rate correction; threshold: P<0.016) are shown in bold. There was no evidence for a sufficient polygenic signal in the small vessel disease data set and so no genetic correlation could be derived as shown in Supplementary Table 3.