Table 3.
Risk Factors Associated With Frailty Among Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) Survivorsa
| Characteristics | Analysis, OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable | P Value | Multivariable | P Value | |
| Age at study participation, y | ||||
| 18–39 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| 40–64 | 1.20 (0.8–1.9) | .44 | 0.93 (0.5–1.6) | .81 |
| Sex | ||||
| Females | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Males | 0.96 (0.6–1.5) | .89 | 0.83 (0.5–1.4) | .47 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Other | 1.42 (0.8–2.4) | .19 | NA | NA |
| Education | ||||
| ≥College graduate | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| <College graduate | 1.91 (1.2–3.1) | .009 | 2.37 (1.4–4.1) | .002 |
| Chronic health conditions | ||||
| Grades 0/2 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Grades 3/4 | 2.06 (1.3–3.4) | .005 | 2.05 (1.1–3.8) | .02 |
| Annual household income, $ | ||||
| ≥20 000 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| <20 000 | 2.67 (1.6–4.6) | <.001 | 2.01 (1.1–3.8) | .03 |
| Income unknown | 2.56 (1.2–5.3) | .01 | 3.28 (1.4–7.6) | .006 |
| Health insurance | ||||
| No insurance | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| With insurance | 1.29 (0.5–3.3) | .59 | NA | NA |
| Conditioning regimens | ||||
| Non-TBI containing regimens | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| TBI-containing regimens | 1.53 (0.8–2.8) | .16 | NA | NA |
| Primary diagnosis | ||||
| SAA | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| AML+ALL | 2.46 (0.6–10.6) | .23 | 1.64 (0.3–8.7) | .53 |
| HL+NHL | 1.63 (0.4–7.3) | .52 | 2.64 (0.5–14.3) | .26 |
| CML | 3.36 (0.8–14.6) | .11 | 1.76 (0.4–8.5) | .48 |
| MM | 4.93 (1.0–25.9) | .06 | 6.38 (1.0–41.7) | .05 |
| Other | 1.02 (0.1–7.5) | .98 | 1.67 (0.2–14.5) | .64 |
| Type of HCT and presence of chronic GvHD | ||||
| Autologous HCT | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Allogeneic HCT + no chronic GvHD | 0.97 (0.5–2.1) | .93 | 1.49 (0.6–3.9) | .43 |
| Allogeneic HCT + resolved chronic GvHD | 1.71 (0.8–3.6) | .16 | 2.70 (1.1–6.9) | .04 |
| Allogeneic HCT + active chronic GvHD | 10.04 (5.6–18.1) | <.001 | 15.02 (6.6–34.3) | <.001 |
| Time since HCT, y | ||||
| 2–4 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| 5–9 | 0.91 (0.5–1.5) | .70 | 0.96 (0.5–1.7) | .89 |
| ≥10 | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | .051 | 0.72 (0.3–1.5) | .39 |
Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoid leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; GvHD, graft vs host disease; HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; MM, multiple myeloma; NA, not applicable NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; OR, odds ratio; SAA, severe aplastic anemia; TBI, total body irradiation.
a
The goodness of fit for the model had a C statistic, 0.82 (95%CI, 0.77–0.87).