PNCM single‐cell hypoxia–Reoxy hypoxia‐reoxygenation studies. A, Cell hypoxia–reoxy experimental protocol. PNCMs were subjected to 30 minutes of hypoxia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Cells were treated with A5‐cal (1 μmol/L) or V1‐cal (1 μmol/L) prior to hypoxia and prior Reoxy (arrow labeled “Treat”). During the protocol, oxygen levels were continuously monitored. B, V1‐cal significantly reduced the number of dead cells after hypoxia–Reoxy (n=3 biological replicates per group, *P<0.05). C, Representative TMRE images of PNCMs at baseline, after hypoxia, and after Reoxy with A5‐cal or V1‐cal. D, Mitochondrial membrane potential assessed by TMRE for PNCMs treated with A5‐cal or V1‐cal (n=3 biological replicates per group, *P<0.01 vs A5‐cal). PNCM indicates primary neonatal cardiomyocyte; reoxy, reoxygenation; TMRE, tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester.