Table 1.
Fontan Anatomic and Surgical Characteristics
| SRV (n=57) | SLV (n=113) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, female, n (%) | 25 (44) | 50 (44) | 0.96 |
| Age at operation, y, n (%) | 12.3±9.1 | 13.1±11.0 | 0.65 |
| 0–3 | 6 (10) | 19 (17) | |
| 4–6 | 13 (23) | 28 (25) | |
| 7–15 | 20 (35) | 25 (22) | |
| >15 | 18 (32) | 41 (36) | |
| Era of operation, n (%) | 0.41 | ||
| Before 1984 | 3 (5) | 8 (7) | |
| 1985–1989 | 26 (46) | 62 (55) | |
| 1990–1994 | 15 (26) | 28 (25) | |
| 1995–2012 | 13 (23) | 15 (13) | |
| Anatomical features, n (%) | NA | ||
| Univentricular heart | 28 (49) | 49 (43) | |
| Complex | 26 (46) | 16 (14) | |
| Tricuspid atresia | 48 (43%) | ||
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (classical) | 3 (5%) | ||
| Initial Fontan type, n (%) | 0.36 | ||
| Atrial pulmonary connectiona | 22 (39) | 52 (46) | |
| TCPC (lateral tunnel, IAC, ECC) | 35 (61) | 61 (54) | |
| History of palliative surgery, n (%) | |||
| Pulmonary arterial banding | 16 (28) | 28 (25) | 0.64 |
| Aortopulmonary shunt | 27 (47) | 70 (62) | 0.07 |
| Staged Glenn | 20 (35) | 51 (45) | 0.21 |
| Coarctation repair or aortic reconstruction | 8 (14) | 8 (7) | 0.14 |
| Number of open operations pre‐Fontan, n (%) | 0.15 | ||
| 0 | 11 (19) | 11 (10) | |
| 1 | 31 (54) | 55 (49) | |
| 2 | 13 (23) | 41 (36) | |
| 3 or more | 2 (4) | 6 (5) | |
| History of Fontan revision, n (%) | 4 (7) | 17 (15) | 0.15 |
| Fenestration at operation, n (%) | 7 (12) | 16 (14) | 0.73 |
| Additional fenestration post‐Fontan, n (%) | 2 (4) | 10 (9) | 0.17 |
| Aortic regurgitation | 0.76 | ||
| ≤Mild | 55 (96) | 110 (97) | |
| >Mild | 2 (4) | 3 (3) | |
| Aortic stenosis | 0.99 | ||
| Peak instantaneous gradient ≤30 mm Hg | 55 (96) | 109 (96) | |
| Peak instantaneous gradient >30 mm Hg | 2 (4) | 4 (4) | |
| Atrioventricular valve regurgitation | 0.17 | ||
| ≤Mild | 50 (88) | 106 (94) | |
| >Mild | 7 (12) | 7 (6) | |
ECC indicates extracardiac conduit; IAC, intra‐atrial conduit; NA, not applicable; SLV, left‐dominant single ventricle; SRV, right‐dominant single ventricle; TCPC, total cavopulmonary connection; Vasodilator, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker.
a
Including Bjork modification.