Table 4.
Influence of Hypertension on Thromboembolism and Major Hemorrhage (Cox Proportional Hazards Model)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P‐Value | HR (95% CI) | P‐Value | HR (95% CI) | P‐Value | HR (95% CI) | P‐Value | |
| Thromboembolism | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 1.14 (0.79–1.64) | 0.479 | 1.03 (0.72–1.49) | 0.862 | 1.03 (0.72–1.49) | 0.864 | 1.05 (0.73–1.52) | 0.787 |
| Heart failure | — | — | 1.02 (0.70–1.50) | 0.914 | 1.03 (0.70–1.52) | 0.878 | 1.10 (0.75–1.63) | 0.621 |
| Age (≥75 y) | — | — | 2.28 (1.60–3.29) | <0.001 | 2.69 (1.63–4.45) | <0.001 | 2.80 (1.69–4.64) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | — | — | 1.27 (0.83–1.94) | 0.271 | 1.25 (0.81–1.91) | 0.313 | 1.27 (0.83–1.95) | 0.275 |
| Stroke/TIA | — | — | 1.75 (1.16–2.66) | 0.008 | 1.72 (1.13–2.61) | 0.011 | 1.82 (1.19–2.79) | 0.006 |
| Coronary artery disease | — | — | — | — | 0.96 (0.55–1.67) | 0.889 | 0.92 (0.52–1.63) | 0.771 |
| Age (65–74 y) | — | — | — | — | 1.24 (0.72–2.14) | 0.435 | 1.31 (0.76–2.26) | 0.329 |
| Sex, female | — | — | — | — | 0.78 (0.52–1.17) | 0.228 | 0.77 (0.52–1.16) | 0.210 |
| Warfarin use | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.44 (0.28–0.68) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet use | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.08 (0.71–1.64) | 0.720 |
| Major hemorrhage | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 1.70 (1.17–2.46) | 0.005 | 1.58 (1.09–2.30) | 0.015 | 1.56 (1.08–2.27) | 0.019 | 1.52 (1.05–2.21) | 0.027 |
| Heart failure | — | — | 1.68 (1.20–2.37) | 0.003 | 1.66 (1.18–2.32) | 0.004 | 1.60 (1.14–2.26) | 0.007 |
| Age (≥75 y) | — | — | 1.88 (1.34–2.63) | <0.001 | 2.61 (1.59–4.29) | <0.001 | 2.52 (1.53–4.14) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | — | — | 1.26 (0.85–1.86) | 0.256 | 1.17 (0.79–1.74) | 0.441 | 1.14 (0.76–1.70) | 0.525 |
| Stroke/TIA | — | — | 1.67 (1.12–2.49) | 0.012 | 1.58 (1.06–2.37) | 0.025 | 1.49 (0.99–2.23) | 0.055 |
| Coronary artery disease | — | — | — | — | 1.31 (0.83–2.06) | 0.240 | 1.16 (0.71–1.90) | 0.556 |
| Age (65–74 y) | — | — | — | — | 1.52 (0.90–2.55) | 0.116 | 1.46 (0.87–2.46) | 0.154 |
| Sex, female | — | — | — | — | 0.60 (0.40–0.90) | 0.013 | 0.61 (0.40–0.91) | 0.016 |
| Warfarin use | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2.31 (1.11–4.82) | 0.025 |
| Antiplatelet use | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.32 (0.89–1.96) | 0.167 |
Model 1: Unadjusted (crude); Model 2: Adjusted for other components of CHADS2 score (congestive heart failure, age ≥75 y, diabetes mellitus, and history of stroke or TIA); Model 3: Adjusted for other components of CHA2DS2‐VASc score (additionally, vascular disease [coronary artery disease], age 65–74 y, and female sex); Model 4: Adjusted for other components of CHA2DS2‐VASc score, warfarin use, and antiplatelet use. HR indicates hazard ratio; TIA, transient ischemic attack.