Table 2.
Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals of Diabetes in Relation to Quintile and Unit Increase in Cumulative Exposure of CVH
| Group of Cumulative Exposure of CVH | 1 Unit Increase | P for Trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |||
| Total, n | 6864 | 6865 | 6864 | 6866 | 6864 | ||
| Case number, n (%) | 423 (6.16) | 295 (4.30) | 266 (3.88) | 167 (2.43) | 150 (2.19) | ||
| Model 1a | 1.00 | 0.64 (0.55–0.74) | 0.56 (0.48–0.66) | 0.33 (0.28–0.40) | 0.28 (0.23–0.35) | 0.95 (0.95–0.96) | <0.001 |
| Model 2b | 1.00 | 0.63 (0.54–0.74) | 0.55 (0.47–0.65) | 0.32 (0.27–0.39) | 0.28 (0.23–0.34) | 0.95 (0.95–0.96) | <0.001 |
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.59–0.81) | 0.62 (0.52–0.73) | 0.35 (0.28–0.43) | 0.32 (0.25–0.40) | 0.96 (0.95–0.96) | <0.001 |
| Sex | |||||||
| Women | 42 (9.88) | 47 (5.10) | 63 (4.59) | 56 (2.54) | 67 (1.95) | ||
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.36–0.92) | 0.65 (0.41–1.01) | 0.39 (0.24–0.62) | 0.30 (0.18–0.47) | 0.95 (0.94–0.97) | <0.001 |
| Men | 381 (5.92) | 248 (4.17) | 203 (3.70) | 111 (2.38) | 83 (2.42) | ||
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.60–0.84) | 0.61 (0.50–0.73) | 0.33 (0.26–0.42) | 0.35 (0.27–0.46) | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | <0.001 |
| P‐interaction | 0.311 | 0.885 | 0.958 | 0.218 | |||
| Age, y | |||||||
| <40 | 65 (3.86) | 39 (2.42) | 24 (1.44) | 13 (0.73) | 12 (0.64) | ||
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.49–1.14) | 0.46 (0.28–0.76) | 0.22 (0.12–0.43) | 0.23 (0.11–0.47) | 0.95 (0.93–0.96) | <0.001 |
| 40 to 59 | 304 (6.51) | 210 (4.75) | 187 (4.37) | 109 (2.72) | 97 (2.58) | ||
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.62–0.91) | 0.69 (0.56–0.84) | 0.40 (0.31–0.51) | 0.37 (0.28–0.49) | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | <0.001 |
| P‐interaction | 0.572 | 0.027 | 0.017 | 0.021 | |||
| ≥60 | 54 (10.59) | 46 (5.51) | 55 (6.00) | 45 (4.16) | 41 (3.33) | ||
| Model 3c | 1.00 | 0.49 (0.32–0.75) | 0.57 (0.37–0.86) | 0.33 (0.21–0.53) | 0.30 (0.18–0.47) | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | <0.001 |
| P‐interaction | 0.345 | 0.209 | 0.101 | 0.143 | |||
| Sensitivity analysis | |||||||
| Model 4d | 1.00 | 0.69 (0.59–0.82) | 0.63 (0.53–0.74) | 0.35 (0.28–0.43) | 0.32 (0.26–0.40) | 0.96 (0.95–0.97) | <0.001 |
CVH indicates ideal cardiovascular health; Q1, quintile 1; Q2, quintile 2; Q3, quintile 3; Q4, quintile 4; Q5, quintile 5.
Adjusted for age (years), sex.
Adjusted for as Model 1 plus education level (elementary school, high school, or college or above), income level (income ≥ ¥800/month, ¥600 to ¥800/month, and < ¥600/month), and drinking (never, past, current <1 times/day or current 1+times/day).
Adjusted for as model 2 plus high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, uric acid, resting heart rate at Exam 1 and medication usage before Exam 4.
Adjusted for Model 3 and further excluded individuals with cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction) before Exam 4.