Table 1.
Demographic and Medical Characteristics of the Study Population
| Characteristic | Cohort (n=60) |
|---|---|
| Age, y | |
| At Fontan operation | 4.0±1.2 |
| At study enrollment | 13.9±4.1 |
| Male, n (%) | 31 (52) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| White | 54 (90) |
| Black | 5 (8) |
| Other | 1 (2) |
| Height, cm | 150.0±16.1 |
| Weight, kg | 43.5 (31.4, 58.3) |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 18.7 (16.1, 22.6) |
| Fontan type, n (%) | |
| Lateral tunnel | 13 (22) |
| Extracardiac conduit | 47 (78) |
| Cardiac anatomic diagnosis | |
| Tricuspid atresia | 22 (37%) |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 15 (25%) |
| Double inlet left ventricle | 9 (15%) |
| Pulmonary atresia, intact ventricular septum | 3 (5%) |
| Atrioventricular septal defect, hypoplastic left ventricle | 2 (3%) |
| Transposition of the great arteries, hypoplastic right ventricle | 2 (3%) |
| Other | 6 (10%) |
| Ventricular morphology, n (%) | |
| Left | 39 (65) |
| Right | 18 (30) |
| Mixed | 3 (5) |
| Pacemaker present, n (%) | 6 (10) |
| On ACEI, n (%) | 41 (68) |
Data are presented as mean±SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%). ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor.