Table 4.
Cox univariable and multivariable modelling of factors associated with risk of reinfection by day 28 in the modified intent-to-treat population (N = 397, 62 reinfections)
| Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n/Na (%) | HR (95 % CI) | P | HR (95 % CI) | P |
| Severe malnutrition by age group | 0.0043 | 0.0111 | |||
| ≤ 21 months | |||||
| Non-SAM | 9/98 (9.2) | 0.50 (0.24–1.06) | 0.51 (0.24–1.07) | ||
| SAM | 12/99 (12.1) | 0.68 (0.35–1.33) | 0.74 (0.38–1.45) | ||
| > 21 months | |||||
| Non-SAM | 30/168 (17.9) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| SAM | 11/32 (34.4) | 2.25 (1.12–4.48) | 2.10 (1.05–4.22) | ||
| Study site | 0.054 | 0.244 | |||
| Mali | 61/359 (17.0) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Niger | 1/38 (2.6) | 0.14 (0.02–1.04) | 0.31 (0.04–2.25) | ||
| Parasite density at inclusion (parasites/μL), per 1 log10 increase | 28520 vs. 10200b | 1.22 (1.03–1.45) | 0.019 | 1.10 (0.95–1.27) | 0.189 |
| Season at inclusion | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||
| Nov–Jan (low) | 5/198 (2.5) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Jun–Oct (high) | 57/199 (28.6) | 12.43 (4.98–31.01) | 10.27 (4.07–25.95) | ||
| Has a mosquito net | 0.047 | ___ | NSc | ||
| No | 18/75 (24.0) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 44/322 (13.7) | 0.57 (0.33–0.99) | |||
| Stunting (HFA < –2 z-score) | 0.042 | ___ | NSc | ||
| No | 49/264 (18.6) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 13/133 (9.8) | 0.53 (0.29–0.98) | |||
| Lumefantrine dose-weight | ___ | NSc | |||
| > 60 mg/kg | 45/324 (13.9) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| ≤ 60 mg/kg | 17/73 (23.3) | 1.83 (1.05–3.20) | 0.033 | ||
Variables tested in univariable analysis were presence of severe acute malnutrition, age, study site, parasite density at inclusion, season at inclusion, sex, education level, type of residence, possession and use of a mosquito net, presence of stunting, moderate anemia, severe anemia, gametocytes at inclusion, early vomiting after treatment administration, and lumefantrine dose-weight received (artemether dose-weight was collinear with lumefantrine dose-weight as fixed combinations were used). Only variables with P < 0.10 are displayed here. Age, study site, and parasite density at inclusion were forced in multivariable models regardless of significance. Other variables were kept if P < 0.05
aN, total number; n, number with reinfection by day 28
bMedian value in reinfected versus non-reinfected children are displayed
cMosquito net possession, stunting, and lumefantrine dose-weight did not remain significantly associated with reinfection in multivariable analysis
SAM severe acute malnutrition, HR hazard ratio, CI Wald confidence interval, Ref reference, HFA height-for-age ratio, NS not significant