TABLE 2.
Logistic Regression Models Assessing Belief That e-Cigarettes, Cigars, and Smokeless Tobacco Are Less Harmful Than Cigarettes
| Variable | Electronic Cigarettes | Cigars, Cigarillos, or Little Cigars | Chewing Tobacco, Snuff, Dip, or Snus | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)a | Average Marginal Effect: Product Is Less Harmfulb | OR (95% CI)a | Average Marginal Effect: Product Is Less Harmfulb | OR (95% CI)a | Average Marginal Effect: Product Is Less Harmfulb | ||||
| Probability, % (95% CI) | P | Probability, % (95% CI) | P | Probability, % (95% CI) | P | ||||
| Use of cigarettes | |||||||||
| No | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — |
| Yes | 0.72 (0.63 to 0.82) | −5.9 (−8.2 to −3.6) | <.001 | 0.52 (0.43 to 0.64) | −11.4 (−14.7 to −8.1) | <.001 | 0.66 (0.57 to 0.78) | −6.1 (−8.5 to −3.8) | <.001 |
| Use of listed product | |||||||||
| No | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — |
| Yes | 1.51 (1.24 to 1.85) | 7.4 (3.5 to 10.9) | <.001 | 1.55 (1.26 to 1.91) | 7.7 (4.1 to 11.2) | <.001 | 4.09 (3.42 to 4.90) | 21.0 (18.4 to 23.5) | <.001 |
| Belief that will use listed product soon | |||||||||
| Definitely yes | 0.91 (0.58 to 1.44) | −1.7 (−10.3 to 6.8) | .688 | 1.71 (1.23 to 2.39) | 10.3 (3.5 to 17.0) | .003 | — | — | — |
| Probably yes | 1.48 (1.15 to 1.91) | 6.8 (2.7 to 11.0) | .001 | 1.45 (1.13 to 1.86) | 6.9 (2.2 to 11.6) | .004 | — | — | — |
| Probably no | 1.45 (1.26 to 1.67) | 6.5 (4.0 to 8.9) | <.001 | 1.21 (1.03 to 1.42) | 3.4 (0.5 to 6.2) | .021 | — | — | — |
| Definitely no | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| Would use listed product if offered | |||||||||
| Definitely yes | 4.36 (2.83 to 6.73) | 23.1 (18.1 to 28.1) | <.001 | 2.32 (1.65 to 3.25) | 16.0 (8.8 to 23.1) | <.001 | — | — | — |
| Probably yes | 2.79 (2.23 to 3.48) | 18.0 (14.6 to 21.5) | <.001 | 2.26 (1.81 to 2.81) | 15.4 (11.0 to 19.8) | <.001 | — | — | — |
| Probably no | 1.99 (1.68 to 2.37) | 13.1 (9.9 to 16.3) | <.001 | 1.89 (1.56 to 2.30) | 11.6 (7.9 to 15.4) | <.001 | — | — | — |
| Definitely no | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — | — | — | — |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Female | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — |
| Male | 1.53 (1.37 to 1.70) | 7.6 (5.7 to 9.5) | <.001 | 1.22 (1.06 to 1.41) | 3.5 (1.2 to 5.9) | .003 | 1.31 (1.15 to 1.49) | 4.0 (2.1 to 5.9) | <.001 |
| Age | |||||||||
| <15 y | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — |
| ≥15 y | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.02) | −1.5 (−3.4 to 0.3) | .11 | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.21) | 0.7 (−1.9 to 3.3) | .59 | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.21) | 0.3 (−2.2 to 2.8) | .83 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — |
| Black | 0.76 (0.62 to 0.94) | −4.8 (−8.6 to −1.0) | .014 | 1.15 (0.97 to 1.35) | 2.5 (−0.5 to 5.6) | .11 | 0.72 (0.53 to 0.96) | −4.8 (−8.8 to −0.8) | .018 |
| Hispanic | 0.60 (0.52 to 0.68) | −9.5 (−12.0 to −6.9) | <.001 | 0.71 (0.61 to 0.82) | −5.8 (−8.2 to −3.4) | <.001 | 0.74 (0.60 to 0.92) | −4.3 (−7.4 to −1.2) | .007 |
| Other or missing | 0.80 (0.67 to 0.95) | −3.9 (−7.0 to −0.8) | .013 | 0.66 (0.51 to 0.86) | −6.8 (−10.7 to −3.0) | .001 | 0.82 (0.67 to 1.01) | −2.9 (−5.8 to 0.0) | .050 |
| Household member uses listed product | |||||||||
| No | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — | Reference | — | — |
| Yes | 1.84 (1.60 to 2.11) | 10.8 (8.5 to 13.1) | <.001 | 1.70 (1.43 to 2.02) | 9.3 (6.3 to 12.3) | <.001 | 1.79 (1.47 to 2.18) | 8.7 (5.9 to 11.4) | <.001 |
—, not included in multivariate regression models.
Odds ratios (ORs) displayed represent estimates from the weighted logistic model in which all listed covariates are included, with 95% CIs calculated by Taylor series linearization to account for the complex survey design. ORs presented are for respondents perceiving the listed product as less harmful than cigarettes among respondents who provided an assessment.
Average marginal effects estimate the average pp change by altering listed covariates among the study population, estimating the likelihood that a respondent perceived the product to be less harmful than conventional cigarettes.