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Viability of PC12 cells before and after the exposure to glutamate (20 mM) alone or combined with curcumin (5 µM). Glutamate stimulated the production of intracellular ROS and reduced the cell viability (middle panel), which was effectively alleviated by curcumin (5 µM) (lower panel). The intracellular ROS were assayed with 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescine diacetate (H2DCFDA) fluorescence imaging
