Table 2.

Studies investigating the effect of sago on exercise performance.

Study	Participants	Protocol	Comparison	Measures
Ghosh et al. (17)	8 recreational male cyclists, ${\displaystyle \stackrel{\cdot }{V}}$ O2max: 40 ± 1 ml·kg−1·min−1	60 min cycling at 60% ${\displaystyle \stackrel{\cdot }{V}}$ O2max, TTE at 90% ${\displaystyle \stackrel{\cdot }{V}}$ O2max in 25 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 5 % rh	60g sago porridge vs. 53g sago porridge + 15 g soy isolate vs. flavour-matched placebo equally divided and supplemented at 0, 20 and 40 min; double-blind, cross-over design	TTE performance; plasma glucose, lactate, ammonia and insulin
Che Jusoh et al. (19)	8 trained male cyclists, ${\displaystyle \stackrel{\cdot }{V}}$ O2max: 65 ± 10 ml·kg−1·min−1	45 min cycling at 55% ${\displaystyle \stackrel{\cdot }{V}}$ O2peak, 15 min TT in 30 ± 2 °C and 78 ± 3 % rh	63g sago porridge 1h before exercise vs. 63g sago gel equally divided and supplemented at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min during exercise vs. fluid-matched control; crossover design	TT performance; plasma glucose, lactate, sodium and potassium; substrate oxidation; body temperatures; fluid consumption and sweat loss; heart rate
Che Jusoh et al. (20)	8 trained male cyclists, ${\displaystyle \stackrel{\cdot }{V}}$ O2max: 70 ± 10 ml·kg−1·min−1	15 min warm-up cycling, 15 min TT in 30 ± 1 °C and 71 ± 4 % rh, 2 h thermoneutral rest, 15 min warm-up cycling, 15 min TT in 30 ± 1 °C and 71 ± 4 %	56g sago porridge post-exercise feeding 2h prior to second bout vs. fluid-matched control; cross-over design	TT performance; plasma glucose, lactate, sodium and potassium; substrate oxidation; body temperatures; fluid consumption and sweat loss; heart rate

Notes: TTE, time to exhaustion; TT, time trial; ${\displaystyle \stackrel{\cdot }{V}}$ O₂max, maximal O₂ consumption; ${\displaystyle \stackrel{\cdot }{V}}$ O₂ peak, peak O₂ consumption; rh, relative humidity.