Table 3.

Statistical inference and magnitude of sago's effect on exercise performance.

Study	Comparison	% Change in Performance (90% CI)	Cohen's d	Pearson's r	Statistical Inference
Ghosh et al. (17)	1. 60g sago porridge vs. flavour-matched placebo	34 (18 to 68)	1.1	0.5	Large, Major
	2. 53g sago porridge + 15 g soy isolate vs. flavour-matched placebo	84 (44 to 40)	2.0	0.7	Large, Major
Che Jusoh et al. (19)	3. 63g sago porridge 1h before exercise vs. fluid-matched control	1 (−2 to 3)	0.0	0.0	Very Small, Trivial
	4. 63g sago gel during exercise vs. fluid-matched control	1 (−2 to 1)	0.1	0.0	Very Small, Trivial
Che Jusoh et al. (20)	5. 56g sago porridge post-exercise feeding 2h prior to second bout vs. fluid-matched control	4 (0 to 7)	0.2	0.1	Small, Minor

Notes: CI, confidence interval; statistical inference of % change in performance due to sago from d and r based on Cohen.⁶¹