Table 4. Offspring violent offending in relation to having at least 1 parent affected by a specific psychiatric diagnosis, by exposure to the specific diagnosis only or additionally to other diagnoses.
Parental psychiatric diagnosis or suicide attempt | Exposure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
No. | IRR (95% CI) a | |||
Specific diagnosis only b | Specific diagnosis in addition to other parental disorders | Specific diagnosis only b | Specific diagnosis in addition to other parental disorders | |
Any mental disorders | 11222c | 2229d | 2.12 (2.07-2.16)c | 3.96 (3.79-4.13)d |
Organic mental disorders | 127 | 692 | 1.45 (1.21-1.71) | 2.48 (2.30-2.67) |
Dementia in Alzheimer disease | 15 | 54 | 0.86 (0.50-1.37) | 1.69 (1.28-2.19) |
Vascular dementia | 13 | 36 | 1.23 (0.67-2.02) | 2.72 (1.93-3.71) |
Any substance use disorders | 1356 | 5288 | 2.60 (2.46-2.74) | 3.28 (3.19-3.37) |
Alcohol misuse | 1148 | 4464 | 2.47 (2.33-2.62) | 3.23 (3.13-3.33) |
Cannabis misuse | 33 | 531 | 4.14 (2.88-5.71) | 4.82 (4.42-5.24) |
Broadly-defined schizophrenia e | 295 | 1488 | 1.52 (1.36-1.70) | 2.36 (2.24-2.48) |
Narrowly-defined schizophrenia f | 92 | 488 | 1.67 (1.35-2.03) | 2.57 (2.35-2.81) |
Schizoaffective disorder | 5 | 164 | 0.86 (0.31-1.85) | 1.89 (1.62-2.20) |
Mood disorders | 776 | 3185 | 1.20 (1.12-1.29) | 2.20 (2.12-2.28) |
Bipolar disorder | 48 | 501 | 0.89 (0.66-1.17) | 1.73 (1.58-1.88) |
Recurrent depressive disorder | 0 | 1215 | … | 1.81 (1.71-1.91) |
Single and recurrent depressive disorders | 485 | 2905 | 1.26 (1.15-1.38) | 2.04 (1.97-2.12) |
Anxiety and somatoform disorders | 1870 | 5151 | 2.00 (1.91-2.10) | 2.84 (2.76-2.93) |
Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 13 | 62 | 1.01 (0.56-1.67) | 1.78 (1.37-2.26) |
Specific personality disorders | 745 | 4393 | 2.08 (1.94-2.24) | 2.68 (2.60-2.77) |
Borderline type personality disorder | 22 | 346 | 1.43 (0.91-2.12) | 2.98 (2.68-3.31) |
Antisocial personality disorder | 88 | 1066 | 3.47 (2.80-4.25) | 4.24 (3.99-4.51) |
Attempted suicide | 942g | 2229d | 3.35 (3.13-3.57)g | 3.96 (3.79-4.13)d |
Abbreviations: ellipses, not applicable; IRR, incidence rate ratio.
IRRs adjusted for offspring sex and age, calendar year, and the interactions between these variables. Reference group: neither parent has a mental illness diagnosis or a history of suicide attempt.
Not exposed to other parental mental disorders in the defined full spectrum except for the disorder of interest.
Offspring with violent offending with a history of any parental mental disorder but no history of parental suicide attempt.
Offspring with violent offending with a history of parental mental disorder and parental suicide attempt.
Schizophrenia and related disorders.
Schizophrenia only.
Offspring with violent offending with a history of parental suicide attempt but no history of parental mental disorder.