Table 5.
Known Groups Validity, Score Differences in Physical Function (PF 16 short form)
| Known Groups Comparisons | Hypothesized Lower Physical Function | Group 1: Mean (SD) | Group 2: Mean (SD) | Mean Group Difference* | Large sub-group differences** (±4 or more points vs. ref. group) | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||||
| Sex: Women vs. Men | Women | 43.8 (9.7) | 46.6 (10.1) | −2.88 | [35] | |
| Age: Old (65–84) vs. Young (21–49) | Older | 43.7 (9.9) | 46.4 (9.6) | −2.70 | [36] | |
| Education: Low (<HS) vs. High (College) | Lower Education | 41.0 (10.0) | 48.6 (8.9) | −7.60 | [37] | |
| Clinical | ||||||
| Site: Lung vs. Prostate | Lung Cancer | 39.1 (8.5) | 49.6 (9.5) | −10.6 | 21–50 years (−6.7) Asian (+4.3) | [38,39] |
| Stage: Advanced vs. Localized | Advanced Stage | 41.1 (9.8) | 45.5 (9.9) | −4.40 | [38,40] | |
| Treatment: Chemotherapy (Yes vs. No) | Chemotherapy | 42.2 (9.0) | 47.5 (10.1) | −5.35 | [41,42] | |
| Asthma (Yes vs. No) | History of Asthma | 41.5 (10.1) | 45.5 (9.8) | −4.00 | [43] | |
| COPD (Yes vs. No) | History of COPD | 37.9 (9.0) | 46.0 (9.7) | −8.10 | [44] | |
| Arthritis (Yes vs. No) | History of Arthritis | 41.0 (9.2) | 47.0 (9.8) | −6.00 | [45] | |
| Functional | ||||||
| Difficulty Walking (Yes vs. No) | Any Dif. Walking | 34.5 (6.3) | 48.4 (8.4) | −13.9 | [46] | |
| Number of Conditions (2+ vs. 0) | Multi-morbidity | 40.3 (9.2) | 49.1 (9.1) | −8.82 | [47] | |
| Performance Status : >50% Bed Rest vs. Normal | Bed Rest | 40.4 (7.2) | 51.4 (8.2) | −11.0 | Black (+4.2) ; Asian (+4.5) | [46] |
| Vigorous exercise: None vs. >4 Times a week | No Exercise | 42.1 (9.1) | 54.3 (8.4) | −12.2 | [48] |
*
All known group differences p<0.001;
**
Reference Groups: White (race/ethnicity), 65–84 (age)