Table 2.
Annual direct and indirect costs per patient for COPD, RMB Yuan (US$)
| Beijing | Guangzhou | Shanghai | Chengdu | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct costs | 7,870 (16,462±28,746) | 3,773 (12,739±28,068) | 6,288 (11,254±15,355) | 7,071 (9,897±14,462) | 6,096 (12,614±22,892) |
| (1,218 [2,549±4,451]) | (584 [1,972±4,346]) | (974 [1,742±2,377]) | (1,095 [1,532±2,239]) | (944 [1,953±3,544]) | |
| Direct medical costs | 6,824 (15,519±28,396) | 3,178 (12,451±27,501) | 5,214 (10,235±14,628) | 6,628 (9,571±14,376) | 5,565 (11,968±22,422) |
| (1,057 [2,403±4,396]) | (492 [1,928±4,258]) | (807 [1,585±2,265]) | (1,026 [1,482±2,226]) | (862 [1,853±3,472]) | |
| Outpatient costs | 2,939 (6,480±15,748) | 1,328 (2,856±3,630) | 2,598 (4,670±8,339) | 0 (854±3,456) | 1,278 (3,730±9,481) |
| (455 [1,003±2,438]) | (206 [442±562]) | (402 [723±1,291]) | (0 [132±535]) | (198 [578±1,468]) | |
| Outpatient costs per visit | 434 (598±901) | 190 (278±377) | 212 (298±300) | 0 (97±343) | 156 (319±567) |
| (67 [93±139]) | (29 [43±58]) | (33 [46±46]) | (0 [15±53]) | (24 [49±88]) | |
| Hospitalization costs | 0 (9,039±24,197) | 0 (9,649±27,611) | 0 (5,565±12,429) | 6,397 (8,717±13,803) | 0 (8,255±20,967) |
| (0 [1,399±3,746]) | (0 [1,494±4,275]) | (0 [862±1,924]) | (990 [1,350±2,137]) | (0 [1,278±3,246]) | |
| Hospitalization costs per visit | 0 (6,120±17,754) | 0 (3,938±8,317) | 0 (3,171±5,644) | 3,695 (5,001±7,824) | 0 (4,554±10,972) |
| (0 [948±2,749]) | (0 [610±1,288]) | (0 [491±874]) | (572 [774±1,211]) | (0 [705±1,699]) | |
| Direct nonmedical costs | 30 (680±1,378) | 0 (308±1061) | 0 (848±3,691) | 0 (334±1,011) | 0 (539±2,092) |
| (5 [105±213]) | (0 [48±164]) | (0 [131±571]) | (0 [52±157]) | (0 [83±324]) | |
| Nutrition costs | 0 (279±561) | 0 (233±781) | 0 (719±3,687) | 0 (142±541) | 0 (341±1,914) |
| (0 [43±87]) | (0 [36±121]) | (0 [111±571]) | (0 [22±84]) | (0 [53±296]) | |
| Caregiver costs | 0 (335±984) | 0 (59±458) | 0 (85±306) | 0 (188±856) | 0 (166±718) |
| (0 [52±152]) | (0 [9±71]) | (0 [13±47]) | (0 [29±133]) | (0 [26±111]) | |
| Transportation costs | 1 (67±114) | 0 (16±140) | 0 (44±85) | 0 (5±22) | 0 (33±104) |
| (0 [10±18]) | (0 [2±22]) | (0 [7±13]) | (0 [1±3]) | (0 [5±16]) | |
| Indirect costs | 0 (5,737±12,532) | 0 (558±3,135) | 0 (1,456±8,436) | 0 (614±3,058) | 0 (2,087±8,110) |
| (0 [888±1,940]) | (0 [86±485]) | (0 [225±1,306]) | (0 [95±473]) | (0 [323±1,256]) | |
| Due to patient | 0 (2,191±6,228) | 0 (52±557) | 0 (882±7,958) | 0 (275±2,647) | 0 (843±5,240) |
| (0 [339±964]) | (0 [8±86]) | (0 [137±1,232]) | (0 [43±410]) | (0 [131±811]) | |
| Work loss, days | 0 (8.4±6.0) | 0 (0.3±0.9) | 0 (3.3±7.5) | 0 (2.1±5.1) | 0 (3.5±5.4) |
| (0 [8.4±6.0]) | (0 [0.3±0.9]) | (0 [3.3±7.5]) | (0 [2.1±5.1]) | (0 [3.5±5.4]) | |
| Due to family | 0 (3,567±9,739) | 0 (506±2,998) | 0 (578±2,984) | 0 (339±1,591) | 0 (1,247±5,522) |
| (0 [552±1,508]) | (0 [78±464]) | (0 [89±462]) | (0 [52±246]) | (0 [193±855]) | |
| Work loss, days | 0 (13.7±9.3) | 0 (3.1±4.6) | 0 (2.2±2.8) | 0 (2.6±3.1) | 0 (5.4±5.7) |
| (0 [13.7±9.3]) | (0 [3.1±4.6]) | (0 [2.2±2.8]) | (0 [2.6±3.1]) | (0 [5.4±5.7]) | |
| Total | 11,038 (22,199±35,174) | 3,773 (13,277±28,759) | 6,473 (12,676±17,623) | 7,200 (10,510±14,934) | 6,405 (14,695±25,942) |
| (1,709 [3,437±5,446]) | (584 [2,056±4,453]) | (1,002 [1,963±2,729]) | (1,115 [1,627±2,312]) | (992 [2,275±4,017]) |
Notes: Data were presented as median (mean ± standard deviation). Kruskal–Wallis or Wilcoxon test was used to test the differences of costs among groups.
Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.