Table 2.

Overview of the Markov states in the selected studies

Health state categories in the Markov cohort models	Fox et al. [11]	Yao et al. [12]	Aidelsburger et al. [13]	Bond et al. [14]	Callejo et al. [15]	Bertoldi et al. [16]	Neyt et al. [17]	Colquitt et al. [18]
Short-term states
CRT-P implantation (operation)	√	n.a.	n.a.	√	√	n.a.	√	√
Complications after CRT implantation	√	n.a.		√	√	n.a.		√
Death (CRT-P implantation or subsequent operation)	√	n.a.	n.a.	√	√	n.a.	√	√
Upgrading/switching state
Upgrading CRT-P to a CRT-D (operation)	√		n.a.	√	√		√	√
ICD implantation (operation)	√	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	√	√
Maintenance states
Patient with CRT has no adverse eventsa	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Patient receiving OPT has no adverse eventsa	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Patient with ICD has no adverse eventsa	√	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	√	√	√
Hospitalization—CRT-related infection	√	√	√		√	√	√	√
Hospitalization—ICD-related infectionb	√		n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	√		√
(Hospitalization)—lead failure/displacement	√		√		√	√		√
HF hospitalisation	√		√	√	√	√		√
Hospitalisation—heart transplant	√	√	√					√
Hospitalisation—CABG		√	√
Hospitalisation—Radiofrequency ablation		√	√
Hospitalisation—PTCA/Stent		√	√
Maintenance of CRT (e.g. device/battery change) (operation)	√			√				√
Long-term death states
Death from SDC	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
Death from HF	√		√		√	√		√
Death from nCR causes	√		√		√			√

^aThis means that these events do not take place during the model cycle

^bYao et al. [12] include two additional states the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) and the intensive care unit (ICU)

SDC Sudden Cardiac Death, HF Heart failure, nCR non-cardiac-related, PTCA Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty, n.a. not applicable