Fraction of M. tuberculosis cells expressing “persister upregulated genes” in logarithmic-phase cultures. (a) Left, log-phase M. tuberculosis cells infected with representative Φ2DRMs show similar distributions of mVenus expression; right, fractions of the parent populations expressing “persister upregulated genes” quantified by tdTomato expression. The promoter driving tdTomato expression is indicated on the right of each histogram. (b) Plot representing the percentages of mVenus+ and mVenus+ tdTomato+ populations after infection with individual Φ2DRMs. The double-positive cells indicate the fractions of cells expressing “persister upregulated genes” in logarithmic-phase M. tuberculosis. Promoters of the following genes were used to regulate tdTomato expression (the gene name or predicted function is indicated [http://tuberculist.epfl.ch/index.html]): Rv0350, dnaK; Rv0251c, hsp; Rv2031c, hspX, acr; Rv3290c, lat; Rv1737c, narK2; Rv2034, Ars repressor protein gene; Rv2623, universal stress protein family protein gene; Rv3417c, groEL1.