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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 26.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2015 May 1;118(3):119–129. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.04.005

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Schematic view of EnvZ/OmpR regulation. The HK EnvZ exists with N- and C-termini in the cytoplasm, contains two TMs in the inner membrane and a periplasmic loop in between TM1 and TM2. In response to intracellular osmolytes, autophosphorylation increases 10-fold at the conserved histidine residue (H243). The phosphoryl group is transferred to an aspartic acid residue on OmpR (D55) and OmpR ~ P binds to the regulatory regions of ompF and ompC porin genes to activate and/or repress transcription (“Non-pathogenesis”). In Salmonella, OmpR ~ P activates the SsrA/B TCRS that is located on pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) and is essential for virulence (“Pathogenesis”).