Table 1. Examples of integration rules.

Environmental factor	DEB fluxes impacted	Relationship	Reference
Predation	Indirect effect: assimilation and/or reproduction	Indirect effect: likely to be reduction of assimilation and/or direct effect on reproduction triggered by predator cues	Based on16,51,52,53
Parasitism	Variable	Highly dependent on the parasite and the species	Based on18,54
Resources competition	Assimilation	Decrease of the assimilation fluxes (likely to be due to a reduction of the resources availability)
Temperature	All rates (, , , , , )	(2) All rates should depend on temperature in the same way in the standard DEB model	48
Food availability	(ingestion rate)	with (3)	48
	(assimilation rate)	with (4)	48
Oxygen deficit	All rates	Could be accounted for as a specific substrate with its own sets of parameters (which can be partly identical to the parameters of the other substrates)
Toxic compound	Depending on the pMoA*	Impact on energetic fluxes depending on pMoA	41
Other ecological stress	Variable	Depends on the behaviour modification

Illustrations of the possible impacts of environmental parameters on the energy fluxes of the Dynamic Energy Budget theory.

^*Five physiological modes of action (pMoA) are commonly described in the DEB literature, namely a decrease of the assimilation of energy from food, an increase of the maintenance costs, an increase of the cost to create an unit of structure (cost for growth), an increase of the cost for creating an egg, or an hazard during the oogenesis process⁴¹. With the specific searching rate, the maturity maintenance rate coefficient, the surface-area-specific maximum assimilation rate, the specific volume-linked somatic maintenance rate, the specific surface-area-linked somatic maintenance rate, the surface specific maximum ingestion rate, the structural length of the individual, the energy conductance, the food density, K the half-saturation coefficient, the initial value of the parameter, T the actual temperature, T_ref the reference temperature, and T_A the Arrhenius temperature.