Fig. 1.

Manchester cohort – maternal diagnosed depression and placental gene expression. (a) There was a significant decrease in paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) expression in women with diagnosed depression during pregnancy. Placental paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10), pleckstrin homology-like domain family a member 2 (PHLDA2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C) expression was not significantly altered. (b) Human placental lactogen (hPL) expression was also significantly reduced in depressed participants. Values are means of fold gene expression, with standard errors represented by vertical bars. * p < 0.05.