Table 1.
Baseline clinicopathological characteristics of the enrolled patients
| Variable | Total (n=566) | No DM (n=431) | DM, HbAlc < 7 (n=68) | DM, HbAlc ≥ 7 (n=67) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR, yr) | 70 (62-75) | 70.5 (62-75) | 69.5 (63-69) | 68.8 (61-75) | 0.870a) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 165 (29.2) | 135 (31.3) | 17 (25) | 13 (19.4) | 0.098b) |
| Male | 401 (70.8) | 296 (68.7) | 51 (75) | 54 (80.6) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.8±3.1 | 23.6±3.0 | 24.9±3.6 | 23.8±2.8 | 0.049a) |
| ECOG PS | |||||
| 0 | 399 (70.5) | 314 (72.9) | 44 (64.7) | 41 (61.2) | 0.054b) |
| 1 | 146 (25.8) | 102 (23.7) | 21 (30.9) | 23 (34.3) | |
| 2 | 20 (3.5) | 15 (3.5) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (4.5) | |
| 3 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 | |
| Operation method | |||||
| Open | 142 (25.1) | 101 (23.4) | 17 (25.0) | 24 (35.8) | 0.094b) |
| Laparoscopic | 424 (74.9) | 330 (76.6) | 51 (75.0) | 43 (64.2) | |
| Tumor location | |||||
| Renal pelvis | 258 (45.6) | 195 (45.2) | 30 (44.1) | 33 (49.3) | 0.827b) |
| Upper ureter | 71 (12.5) | 51 (11.8) | 10 (14.7) | 10 (14.9) | |
| Mid ureter | 80 (14.1) | 60 (13.9) | 12 (17.6) | 8(11.9) | |
| Lower ureter | 157 (27.7) | 125 (29.0) | 16 (23.5) | 16 (23.9) | |
| Hydronephrosis | |||||
| None | 166 (29.3) | 119 (27.6) | 24 (35.3) | 23 (34.3) | 0.313b) |
| Mild | 151 (26.7) | 110 (25.5) | 22 (32.4) | 19 (28.4) | |
| Moderate | 146 (25.8) | 119 (27.6) | 14 (20.6) | 13 (19.4) | |
| Severe | 103 (18.2) | 83 (19.3) | 8(11.8) | 12 (17.9) | |
| Synchronous bladder tumor | |||||
| No | 445 (80.4) | 340 (78.9) | 58 (85.3) | 57 (85.1) | 0.274b) |
| Yes | 111 (19.6) | 91 (21.1) | 10 (14.7) | 10 (14.9) | |
| Tumor size (cm) | 3.6±2.5 | 3.6±2.5 | 3.2+2.2 | 3.6±2.3 | 0.297a) |
| Multifocality | |||||
| No | 517 (91.3) | 391 (90.7) | 63 (92.6) | 63 (94.0) | 0.615b) |
| Yes | 49 (8.7) | 40 (9.3) | 5 (7.4) | 4 (6.0) | |
| Pathologic stage | |||||
| Tis, Ta | 84 (14.8) | 66 (15.3) | 10 (14.7) | 8 (11.9) | 0.431b) |
| T1 | 128 (22.6) | 89 (20.6) | 21 (30.9) | 18 (26.9) | |
| T2 | 134 (23.7) | 104 (24.1) | 17 (25.0) | 13 (19.4) | |
| T3 | 200 (35.3) | 154 (35.7) | 19 (27.9) | 27 (40.3) | |
| T4 | 20 (3.5) | 18 (4.2) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.5) | |
| Pathologic grade | |||||
| Low | 178 (31.4) | 138 (32.0) | 23 (33.8) | 17 (25.4) | 0.499b) |
| High | 388 (68.6) | 293 (68.0) | 45 (66.2) | 50 (74.6) | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | |||||
| No | 447 (79.0) | 339 (78.7) | 58 (85.3) | 50 (74.6) | 0.297b) |
| Yes | 119 (21.0) | 92 (21.3) | 10 (14.7) | 17 (25.4) | |
| Concomitant CIS | |||||
| No | 512 (90.5) | 384 (89.1) | 67 (98.5) | 61 (91.0) | 0.048b) |
| Yes | 54 (9.5) | 47 (10.9) | 1 (1.5) | 6 (9.0) | |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | |||||
| No | 361 (63.8) | 269 (62.4) | 49 (72.1) | 43 (64.2) | 0.306b) |
| Yes | 205 (36.2) | 162 (37.6) | 19 (27.9) | 24 (35.8) | |
| Recurrence | 92 (16.3) | 70 (16.2) | 5 (7.4) | 17 (25.4) | 0.018b) |
| Cancer death | 82 (14.5) | 52 (12.1) | 7 (10.3) | 23 (34.3) | 0.001b) |
| Death from any cause | 148 (26.1) | 103 (23.9) | 13 (19.1) | 32 (47.8) | 0.001b) |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IQR, interquartile range; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; CIS, carcinoma in situ.
a)
Kruskal-Wallis test,
b)
Pearson chi-square test.