Table 4. Clinical randomized controlled trials of long-term oxytocin administration.
| Trial | Participants | Oxytocin Group | Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dosage
Frequency Duration |
General Symptom | Autism Core Symptoms | Social Communicative |
Restricted and Repetitive
Behavior |
Comorbidity | Other | |||
| Anagnostou et al., 2012 | [53] | Gender: Both N: 10 (9M1F) / 9 (7M2F) Age: 33.8 (12.7) / 32.9 (14.4) |
24 IU Twice per day 6 weeks |
Primary Outcomes | |||||
| CGI-social DANVA-face DANVA-paralanguage |
RBS higher order RBS lower order |
||||||||
| Secondary Outcomes | |||||||||
| *RMET SRS |
Y-BOCS | *WHO-QOL | |||||||
| Dadds et al., 2014 |
[54] | Gender: Male N: 19 / 19 Age: 11.8 (2.8) / 10.7 (2.4) |
12 or 24 IU Once per day 4 days |
Diagnosis changes (OSU, CARS, DISCAP-ASD) |
SSRS Video coding: child eye contact Video coding: parent eye contact Video coding: positive non-verbal behavior Video coding: verbal content Video coding: global rating UNSW facial emotion task |
Video coding Social reciprocity scale |
|||
| Guastella et al., 2015 |
[55] | Gender: Male N: 26 / 24 Age: 13.8 (1.5) / 14.0 (2.0) |
18 or 24 IU Twice per day 8 weeks |
Primary Outcomes | |||||
| CGI | SRS | ||||||||
| Secondary Outcomes | |||||||||
| RMET DANVA biological motion |
RBS | DBC | |||||||
| Watanabe et al., 2015 | [56] | Gender: Male N: 9 / 9 Age: 35.1 (7.6) / 29.3 (5.9) (cross over: oxytocin-initially group / placebo-initially group) |
24 IU Twice per day 6 weeks |
Primary Outcomes | |||||
| CARS | *ADOS: reciprocity ADOS: communication |
ADOS: repetitive | |||||||
| Secondary Outcomes | |||||||||
| CGI-EI CGI-SI GAF |
AQ | SRS *NVJ number NVJ response time *Fixation time for eye area |
RBS | STAI state CES-D |
WHO-QOL *fMRI: NVJ-specific brain activity in the ACC *fMRI: NVJ-specific brain activity in the dmPFC *fMRI: Functional brain connectivity during task *rsfMRI: Functional brain connectivity of ACC-dmPFC (systolic blood pressure) (diastolic blood pressure) (pulse rate) |
||||
| Yatawara et al., in press |
[57] | Gender: Both N: 15 (14M1F) / 16 (13M3F) Age: 5.7 (1.5) / 6.7 (1.8) (cross over: oxytocin-initially group / placebo-initially group) |
12 IU Twice per day 5 weeks |
Primary Outcomes | |||||
| *SRS-P | RBS-R-P | ||||||||
| Secondary Outcomes | |||||||||
| *CGI-I | ADOS: reciprocity ADOS: communication |
DBC-P CSQ |
|||||||