TABLE 2.
Selected Meta-analyses of Published Data of Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Childhood ALL
| Source | Source of Exposure | Period of Exposure | No. Studies | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu, 2011 (52) | Paternal (yes/no) | Preconception | 13 | 1.25 (1.08–1.46) |
| Paternal (highest exposure index) | Preconception | 10 | 1.38 (1.11–1.72) | |
| Paternal (yes/no) | Pregnancy | 8 | 1.24 (1.07–1.43) | |
| Paternal (highest exposure index) | Pregnancy | 4 | 1.28 (0.93–1.76) | |
| Paternal (yes/no) | After birth | 7 | 1.24 (0.96–1.60) | |
| Paternal (highest exposure index) | After birth | 6 | 1.33 (1.00–1.78) | |
| Milne, 2012 (53) | Paternal (yes/no) | Preconception | 10 | 1.15 (1.06–1.24) |
| Paternal (≥20 cigs/day versus no) | Preconception | 7 | 1.44 (1.24–1.68) | |
| Klimentopoulou, 2012 (49) | Maternal (yes/no) | Pregnancy | 20 | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.