Table I.
Characteristics of research subjects by race and prostate cancer aggressiveness
European American n = 1,079 |
African American n = 1,023 |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | High aggressive CaP (n=164 ) |
Low/intermediate aggressive CaP (n=915 ) |
High aggressive CaP (n=206 ) |
Low/intermediate aggressive CaP (n=817) |
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Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P value‡ | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P value‡ | |||||
Age, years | 67 (8) | 64 (8) | <0.0001 | 64 (8) | 62 (8) | 0.004 | ||||
Energy Intake, kcals/day | 2339 (952) | 2320 (866) | 0.80 | 2800 (1232) | 2593 (1146) | 0.02 | ||||
Dietary Fat Intake, grams/day | 94 (42) | 91 (39) | 0.31 | 104(52) | 95(485) | 0.02 | ||||
Body Mass Index (BMI), kg/m2 | 30 (5) | 29 (5) | 0.0006 | 30 (7) | 29 (55) | 0.16 | ||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
Study Site | ||||||||||
North Carolina | 73 | 45 | 448 | 49 | 0.29 | 92 | 45 | 386 | 47 | 0.51 |
Louisiana | 91 | 55 | 467 | 51 | 114 | 55 | 431 | 53 | ||
Family History of Prostate Cancer | ||||||||||
No affected 1st degree relative | 136 | 83 | 696 | 76 | 0.05 | 157 | 76 | 606 | 74 | 0.55 |
At least 1 affected 1st degree relative | 28 | 17 | 219 | 24 | 49 | 24 | 211 | 26 | ||
PSA Screening History | ||||||||||
0 screenings | 40 | 24 | 153 | 17 | 0.06 | 120 | 58 | 307 | 38 | <0.0001 |
1–7 screenings | 68 | 42 | 405 | 44 | 53 | 26 | 338 | 41 | ||
> 7 screenings | 56 | 34 | 357 | 39 | 33 | 16 | 172 | 21 | ||
Comorbidities | ||||||||||
0 | 84 | 51 | 503 | 55 | 0.05 | 88 | 43 | 382 | 47 | 0.39 |
1 | 31 | 19 | 214 | 23 | 53 | 26 | 216 | 26 | ||
2 | 29 | 18 | 98 | 11 | 36 | 17 | 106 | 13 | ||
≥ 3 | 20 | 12 | 100 | 11 | 27 | 14 | 109 | 14 | ||
Started CaP treatment at start of study | ||||||||||
No | 11 | 7 | 99 | 11 | 0.007 | 20 | 10 | 112 | 14 | 0.20 |
Yes | 146 | 89 | 720 | 79 | 163 | 79 | 599 | 73 | ||
Unknown | 7 | 4 | 96 | 10 | 23 | 11 | 106 | 13 | ||
Education | ||||||||||
Less than high school education | 27 | 17 | 81 | 9 | 0.005 | 85 | 41 | 243 | 30 | 0.001 |
High school graduate/ some college | 79 | 48 | 432 | 47 | 102 | 50 | 438 | 54 | ||
College graduate | 58 | 35 | 402 | 44 | 19 | 9 | 135 | 16 | ||
Income Level | ||||||||||
≤ $20, 000 | 24 | 15 | 78 | 9 | 0.11 | 82 | 40 | 234 | 29 | 0.0005 |
$20,001 – $40,000 | 33 | 20 | 184 | 20 | 52 | 25 | 212 | 26 | ||
$40,001 – $70,000 | 38 | 23 | 217 | 24 | 24 | 12 | 171 | 21 | ||
>$70,000 | 53 | 32 | 359 | 39 | 22 | 11 | 130 | 16 | ||
Unknown | 16 | 10 | 77 | 8 | 26 | 12 | 70 | 8 | ||
Smoking Status | ||||||||||
Never | 59 | 36 | 330 | 36 | 0.76 | 40 | 19 | 276 | 34 | <0.001 |
Former smoker | 87 | 53 | 501 | 55 | 107 | 52 | 390 | 48 | ||
Current smoker | 18 | 11 | 84 | 9 | 59 | 29 | 151 | 18 | ||
NSAID Use | ||||||||||
No | 56 | 34 | 305 | 33 | 0.85 | 84 | 41 | 364 | 45 | 0.33 |
Yes | 108 | 66 | 608 | 67 | 120 | 59 | 446 | 55 |
Prostate cancer aggressiveness defined by a combination of Gleason sum, clinical stage, and PSA level at diagnosis and classified as follows: high aggressive (Gleason sum ≥8 or PSA >20ng/ml or Gleason sum ≥7 AND clinical stage T3 -T4); low/intermediate aggressive: all other cases.
Abbreviations: CaP – Prostate Cancer; NSAIDs – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PSA – prostate-specific antigen; SD – Standard deviation.
Test for differences between high and low/intermediate CaP performed using Student t-test for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.