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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 26.
Published in final edited form as: Prostate. 2016 Jun 8;76(12):1053–1066. doi: 10.1002/pros.23189

Table I.

Characteristics of research subjects by race and prostate cancer aggressiveness

European American
n = 1,079
African American
n = 1,023
Characteristics High
aggressive CaP
(n=164 )
Low/intermediate
aggressive CaP
(n=915 )
High
aggressive CaP
(n=206 )
Low/intermediate
aggressive CaP
(n=817)
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) P value Mean (SD) Mean (SD) P value
Age, years 67 (8) 64 (8) <0.0001 64 (8) 62 (8) 0.004
Energy Intake, kcals/day 2339 (952) 2320 (866) 0.80 2800 (1232) 2593 (1146) 0.02
Dietary Fat Intake, grams/day 94 (42) 91 (39) 0.31 104(52) 95(485) 0.02
Body Mass Index (BMI), kg/m2 30 (5) 29 (5) 0.0006 30 (7) 29 (55) 0.16
N % N % N % N %
Study Site
  North Carolina 73 45 448 49 0.29 92 45 386 47 0.51
  Louisiana 91 55 467 51 114 55 431 53
Family History of Prostate Cancer
  No affected 1st degree relative 136 83 696 76 0.05 157 76 606 74 0.55
  At least 1 affected 1st degree relative 28 17 219 24 49 24 211 26
PSA Screening History
  0 screenings 40 24 153 17 0.06 120 58 307 38 <0.0001
  1–7 screenings 68 42 405 44 53 26 338 41
  > 7 screenings 56 34 357 39 33 16 172 21
Comorbidities
  0 84 51 503 55 0.05 88 43 382 47 0.39
  1 31 19 214 23 53 26 216 26
  2 29 18 98 11 36 17 106 13
  ≥ 3 20 12 100 11 27 14 109 14
Started CaP treatment at start of study
  No 11 7 99 11 0.007 20 10 112 14 0.20
  Yes 146 89 720 79 163 79 599 73
  Unknown 7 4 96 10 23 11 106 13
Education
  Less than high school education 27 17 81 9 0.005 85 41 243 30 0.001
  High school graduate/ some college 79 48 432 47 102 50 438 54
  College graduate 58 35 402 44 19 9 135 16
Income Level
  ≤ $20, 000 24 15 78 9 0.11 82 40 234 29 0.0005
  $20,001 – $40,000 33 20 184 20 52 25 212 26
  $40,001 – $70,000 38 23 217 24 24 12 171 21
  >$70,000 53 32 359 39 22 11 130 16
  Unknown 16 10 77 8 26 12 70 8
Smoking Status
  Never 59 36 330 36 0.76 40 19 276 34 <0.001
  Former smoker 87 53 501 55 107 52 390 48
  Current smoker 18 11 84 9 59 29 151 18
NSAID Use
  No 56 34 305 33 0.85 84 41 364 45 0.33
  Yes 108 66 608 67 120 59 446 55

Prostate cancer aggressiveness defined by a combination of Gleason sum, clinical stage, and PSA level at diagnosis and classified as follows: high aggressive (Gleason sum ≥8 or PSA >20ng/ml or Gleason sum ≥7 AND clinical stage T3 -T4); low/intermediate aggressive: all other cases.

Abbreviations: CaP – Prostate Cancer; NSAIDs – Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PSA – prostate-specific antigen; SD – Standard deviation.

Test for differences between high and low/intermediate CaP performed using Student t-test for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.

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