Fig. 2.

Effects of paliperidone on nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent antioxidant enzymes after acute and chronic restraint stress exposure. Protein levels of (A) the antioxidant enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone 1 (NQO1), (B–D) mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), (E) heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) mRNA levels, (F) SOD activity, (G) GPx mRNA levels and (H) CAT activity on the prefrontal cortex of rats in control and acute/chronic restraint stress conditions and pretreated with vehicle (Veh) or paliperidone (P). *p < 0.05 vs control (C) group; ^& p < 0.05 vs control + P group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 vs acute/chronic stress + veh. (Tukey’s post-hoc test or Newman–Keuls post-hoc test). Data represent the mean ± SEM