Table 3.

Overall outcomes and complications. A) Overall outcomes in terms of length of stay (LOS, 4.28 days), total charges ($50,200.15), as well as mortality risk and illness severity scores are reported. Overall in-hospital complication rates between 1998 and 2011 were 1.0% for neurologic, 1.9% for respiratory, 0.5% for cardiac, 0.3% for gastrointestinal, 0.8% for urinary and renal, 0.6% for pulmonary embolism, 0.8% for wound-related, and 5.9% for overall complications. B) When discharges were stratified according to number of complications, in 1998, 95.5% had zero, 3.7% had one, 0.6% had two, and 0.2% had three. In contrast, in 2011, 87.3% of patients had zero, 9.9% had one, 2.2% had two, and 0.5% had three.

A)

Outcomes		Mean	SD
Mean LOS		4.28	7.18
Mean Total Charges		50,200.15	56,087.65
Predicted Mortality Risk Score		1.64	0.82
Predicted Illness Severity Score		2.03	0.71
Comorbidity Burden		1.47	1.43
Complications		n	%	Overall Complication Rate (per 100)
Neurologic		121	17.61	1.0
Respiratory		221	32.17	1.9
Cardiac		58	8.44	0.5
Gastrointestinal		31	4.51	0.3
Urinary and Renal		93	13.54	0.8
Pulmonary Embolism		69	10.04	0.6
Wound-related complication		94	13.68	0.8
Total Complications		687	100.00	5.9
B)
No. complications	No. cases (%)	Mean Age	Mean LOS	Mean total Charge	Weighted Average Charges
	1998
0	835 (95.54)	53.9	3.49	31,958.55	30,532.48
1	32 (3.66)	56.3	19.72	102,380.79	3,748.50
2	5 (0.57)	57	37.2	368,264.61	2,106.78
3	2 (0.23)	65	16	80,699.28	184.67
	2011
0	469 (87.34)	58	6.51	98,308.17	85,859.46
1	53 (9.87)	57.7	13.62	162,165.25	16,005.14
2	12 (2.23)	66.8	27	299,960.08	6,703.02
3	3 (0.56)	48.7	26.33	325,183.33	1,816.67