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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Gerontol. 2016 Apr 26;87(Pt B):168–174. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.019

Box 1.

Stressors of Cardiac Surgery

Biological
    Inflammation
    Anaesthesia
    Fluid Shifts
    Cardiopulmonary Bypass
    Pain
    Immobilization
    Sleep Deprivation
Psychological
    Cognition
    Depression
    Anxiety
    Delirium
    Self-perception
Social
    Physical limitations
    Care demands on family
    Financial resources
    Access to necessities
    Community isolation
    Threats to independence