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. 2016 Jun 17;31(Suppl 2):S146–S157. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.S2.S146

Table 2. Top 10 specific causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and age group, 2012.

Men Women
Rank Specific cause Rank Specific cause
0-9 yr (3.67% of Total DALYs)
1 Asthma 1 Asthma
2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2 Refraction & accommodation disorders
3 Refraction & accommodation disorders 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4 Viral skin diseases 4 Viral skin diseases
5 Congenital heart anomalies 5 Congenital heart anomalies
6 Preterm birth complications 6 Dental caries
7 Dental caries 7 Preterm birth complications
8 Ankyloglossia, et al 8 Ankyloglossia, et al
9 Epilepsy 9 Epilepsy
10 Falls 10 Abscess, impetigo, & other bacterial skin diseases
10-19 yr (4.86% of Total DALYs)
1 Falls 1 Refraction & accommodation disorders
2 Refraction & accommodation disorders 2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3 Dental caries
4 Motorized vehicle with two wheels 4 Major depressive disorder
5 Epilepsy 5 Gastritis & duodenitis
6 Low back pain 6 Low back pain
7 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels 7 Epilepsy
8 Abscess, impetigo, & other bacterial skin diseases 8 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels
9 Dental caries 9 Abscess, impetigo, & other bacterial skin diseases
10 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 10 Self-harm
20-29 yr (8.03% of Total DALYs)
1 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels 1 Abortion
2 Self-harm 2 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels
3 Falls 3 Low back pain
4 Low back pain 4 Self-harm
5 Schizophrenia 5 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
6 Cirrhosis of the liver 6 Tubulointerstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, & urinary tract infections
7 Motorized vehicle with two wheels 7 Maternal hemorrhage
8 Mechanical forces (other) 8 Schizophrenia
9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 9 Major depressive disorder
10 Tubulointerstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, & urinary tract infections 10 Female infertility
30-39 yr (12.93% of Total DALYs)
1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Low back pain
2 Low back pain 2 Abortion
3 Cirrhosis of the liver 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels 4 Female infertility
5 Self-harm 5 Diabetes mellitus
6 Falls 6 Major depressive disorder
7 Schizophrenia 7 Self-harm
8 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 8 Maternal hemorrhage
9 Periodontal disease 9 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels
10 Mechanical forces (other) 10 Schizophrenia
40-49 yr (19.48% of Total DALYs)
1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Low back pain
2 Cirrhosis of the liver 2 Diabetes mellitus
3 Low back pain 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
4 Ischemic heart disease 4 Osteoarthritis
5 Falls 5 Cirrhosis of the liver
6 Self-harm 6 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels
7 Periodontal disease 7 Major depressive disorder
8 Motorized vehicle with three or more wheels 8 Breast cancer
9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 9 Tubulointerstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, & urinary tract infections
10 Ischemic stroke 10 Gastritis & duodenitis
50-59 yr (22.02% of Total DALYs)
1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Low back pain
2 Low back pain 2 Diabetes mellitus
3 Cirrhosis of the liver 3 Osteoarthritis
4 Ischemic heart disease 4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
5 Ischemic stroke 5 Ischemic heart disease
6 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 6 Ischemic stroke
7 Benign prostatic hyperplasia 7 Cirrhosis of the liver
8 Liver cancer 8 Major depressive disorder
9 Falls 9 Gastroesophageal reflux disease
10 Stomach cancer 10 Gastritis & duodenitis
60-69 yr (14.87% of Total DALYs)
1 Diabetes mellitus 1 Diabetes mellitus
2 Ischemic heart disease 2 Low back pain
3 Ischemic stroke 3 Osteoarthritis
4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 4 Ischemic heart disease
5 Low back pain 5 Ischemic stroke
6 Benign prostatic hyperplasia 6 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
7 Trachea, bronchus & lung cancers 7 Falls
8 Cirrhosis of the liver 8 Major depressive disorder
9 Stomach cancer 9 Hypertensive heart disease
10 Liver cancer 10 Cataracts
70-79 yr (11.16% of Total DALYs)
1 Ischemic stroke 1 Ischemic stroke
2 Ischemic heart disease 2 Alzheimer's disease & other dementias
3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3 Diabetes mellitus
4 Diabetes mellitus 4 Ischemic heart disease
5 Trachea, bronchus & lung cancers 5 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
6 Alzheimer's disease & other dementias 6 Low back pain
7 Benign prostatic hyperplasia 7 Osteoarthritis
8 Low back pain 8 Falls
9 Stomach cancer 9 Cataracts
10 Cataracts 10 Hypertensive heart disease
80 + yr (2.98% of Total DALYs)
1 Ischemic stroke 1 Alzheimer's disease & other dementias
2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2 Ischemic stroke
3 Ischemic heart disease 3 Ischemic heart disease
4 Alzheimer's disease & other dementias 4 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
5 Trachea, bronchus & lung cancers 5 Diabetes mellitus
6 Diabetes mellitus 6 Falls
7 Stomach cancer 7 Hypertensive heart disease
8 Colon & rectum cancers 8 Hemorrhagic & other non-ischemic stroke
9 Hypertensive heart disease 9 Parkinson's disease
10 Hemorrhagic & other non-ischemic stroke 10 Trachea, bronchus & lung cancers