Table 1.
Occurrence and accumulation of secondary metabolites in the section Hypericum.
| Species | Area of the leaf | Emodin | Emodin anthrone | Hypericin | Pseudohypericin | Protohypericin | Hyperforin | Rutin | Hyperoside and/or Isoquercitrin | Quercetin | Quercitrin | Chlorogenic acid | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. perforatum sect. Hypericum | Adaxial | Dark gland; edge | o | − | + | + | − | + | o | − | + | − | + |
| Dark gland; inside | o | − | o | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | + | ||
| Translucent gland | o | o | o | − | − | ++ | o | − | + | o | o | ||
| Non-secretory tissue | o | o | − | − | − | − | − | o | + | − | o | ||
| Reddish mass | o | − | − | − | − | − | − | o | + | − | o | ||
| Abaxial | Dark gland; edge | + | o | +++ | +++ | ++ | − | o | + | ++ | + | o | |
| Dark gland; inside | + | o | +++ | +++ | +++ | o | − | + | + | + | o | ||
| Translucent gland | + | o | − | o | − | − | − | o | ++ | o | ++ | ||
| Non-secretory tissue | o | − | o (n) | + (n) | − | − | − | − | + | − | o | ||
| H. maculatum sect. Hypericum | Adaxial | Dark gland; edge | o | − | + | ++ | − | − | − | o | − | − | + |
| Dark gland; inside | o | − | + | ++ | − | − | − | o | o | − | + | ||
| Translucent gland; edge | o | − | o | + | − | − | − | + | o | − | + | ||
| Translucent gland; inside | o | − | + | ++ | o | − | − | + | + | o | + | ||
| Non-secretory tissue near middle | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | o | ||
| Non-secretory tissue near dark gland; inside | o | − | − | o | − | − | − | o | o | o | o | ||
| Abaxial | Dark gland; edge | + | − | ++ | +++ | ++ | − | + | + | + | o | + | |
| Dark gland; inside | o | − | ++ | ++ | ++ | − | − | + | + | o | o | ||
| Translucent gland; edge | o | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | ||
| Translucent gland; inside | + | o | − | o | − | − | − | − | o | o | o | ||
| Non-secretory tissue; edge | o | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | o | − | + | ||
| Non-secretory tissue near dark gland; inside | o | − | o | + | o | − | − | o | o | o | + | ||
| H. erectum sect. Hypericum | Adaxial | Dark gland | − | − | + | + | o | − | − | o | o | − | + |
| Red gland 1 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | o | ||
| Red gland 2 | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | o | ||
| Red gland 3 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | + | o | ||
| Non-secretory tissue; edge | o | − | − | − | − | − | − | o | o | − | o | ||
| Abaxial | Big dark gland | o | − | +++ | +++ | ++ | − | + | + | o | + | + | |
| Small dark gland | + | − | ++ | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | o | ||
| Red gland 1; edge | + | o | − | − | − | − | − | + | ++ | + | + | ||
| Red gland 2; edge | + | + | ++(d) | ++(d) | − | − | − | ++ | ++ | + | + | ||
| Non-secretory tissue; edge | + | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | o | − | o | ||
| Non-secretory tissue; inside | + | o | − | − | − | − | − | − | o | − | o | ||
| H. tetrapterum sect. Hypericum | Adaxial | Dark gland; edge | + | o | + | + | o | − | − | ++ | ++ | + | + |
| Translucent gland | o | − | +(n) | +(n) | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | ||
| Reddish dark gland | + | o | ++ | +++ | ++ | − | − | + | ++ | + | + | ||
| Unidentified red mass | o | − | o | o | − | − | − | o | ++ | o | + | ||
| Non-secretory tissue | o | − | − | o (n) | − | − | − | o | + | + | o | ||
| Abaxial | Dark gland; edge | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | +++ | − | − | + | ++ | + | o | |
| Dark gland; inside | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | ++ | − | − | ++ | ++ | + | − | ||
| Non-secretory tissue | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | ||
The values are represented as absolute mean signal intensities. +++, > 1E5 (highest); ++, 1E4-9E4; +, 1E3-9E3; o, 5E2-9E2 (lowest); −, not detected; n, non-continuous signal over measurement time; d, detected after long/optimized penetration with laser (> 2.5 min).