Table 2. Incidence of AWD distribution by age and sex using IBS case-based data, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2009–2013.

Age group	Sex	Incidence and RR			Year			Overall
			2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
< 5 years old	Male	Total population*	388 590	397 018	405 688	414 605	423 779	2 029 680
		Total AWD cases	1345	2323	4862	5648	6158	20 336
		Incidence of AWD (per 100 000 population)	346	585	1198	1362	1453	1002
	Female (reference)	Total population*	376 350	384 514	392 910	401 547	410 432	1 965 753
		Total AWD cases	1025	1818	3757	4101	4671	15 372
		Incidence of AWD (per 100 000 population)	272	473	956	1021	1138	782
	-	RR	1.27	1.24	1.25	1.33	1.28	1.28
		95% CI	1.17–1.38	1.16–1.32	1.20–1.31	1.28–1.39	1.23–1.33	1.25–1.31
		P-Value	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
≥ 5 years old	Male	Total population*	2 649 451	2 706 293	2 764 730	2 824 817	2 886 605	13 831 896
		Total AWD cases	1031	1596	3994	4117	3989	14 727
		Incidence of AWD (per 100 000 population)	39	59	144	146	138	106
	Female (reference)	Total population*	2 713 811	2 772 032	2 831 890	2 893 436	2 956 724	14 167 893
		Total AWD cases	1185	1853	4637	5032	4612	17 319
		Incidence of AWD (per 100 000 population)	44	67	164	174	156	122
	-	RR	0.89	0.88	0.88	0.84	0.89	0.87
		95% CI	0.82–0.97	0.83–0.94	0.85–0.92	0.80–0.87	0.85–0.92	0.85–0.89
		P-Value	< 0.0001	< 0.001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001

AWD, acute watery diarrhoea; IBS, indicator-based surveillance; CI, confidence intervals; RR, relative risk.

*Data source: Official population data, Ministry of Health, Lao People's Democratic Republic; sex ratios for < 5 years old (male = 50.8%, female = 49.2%) and ≥ 5 years old (male = 49.4%, female = 50.6%) used for the calculation were derived from 2005 Census.