Table 4.
Association between possible risk factors and DV 1–1.5 years postpartum (N = 731).a
| DV | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–1.5 year postpartum | P-value | |||
| Independent variable | n (%) | n (%) | OR 95 % CIb | (two-tailed) |
| History of violencec | 241 (33.5) | 23 (9.5) | - | <0.001 |
| Age ≥ 35 | 141 (19.6) | 3 (2.1) | 0.6 (0.2–2.1) | NS |
| Multiparae | 376 (55.5) | 11 (2.9) | 0.8 (0.3–1.9) | NS |
| Low educational status | 273 (37.4) | 10 (3.7) | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | NS |
| Unemployed | 51 (7.0) | 4 (7.8) | 2.9 (1.0–9.0) | NS |
| Foreign language | 183 (25.2) | 9 (4.9) | 2.0 (0.8–4.6) | NS |
| Single/living apart | 36 (4.9) | 8 (22.2) | 12.8 (5.0–32.7) | <0.001 |
| Financial distress | 357 (49.0) | 15 (4.2) | 2.0 (0.8–4.7) | NS |
| Alcohol consumptiond | 481 (66.8) | 13 (2.7) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | NS |
| Smoking/using wet tobacco | 142 (19.6) | 5 (3.5) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) | NS |
| Overweight/obese | 238 (32.6) | 5 (2.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | NS |
| Unintended pregnancy | 123 (17.1) | 3 (2.4) | 0.7 (0.2–2.5) | NS |
| Miscarriage/abortion | 49 (6.9) | 1 (2.0) | 0.6 (0.1–4.6) | NS |
| Self-reported poor health | 62 (8.8) | 3 (4.8) | 1.8 (0.5–6.2) | NS |
| Lack of sleep | 79 (11.2) | 5 (6.3) | 2.4 (0.9–6.7) | NS |
| EPDS ≥ 13 | 66 (9.9) | 8 (12.1) | 6.2 (2.5–15.6) | <0.001 |
| SOC Low scoree | 190 (27.8) | 15 (7.9) | 5.2 (2.2–12.5) | <0.001 |
aMissing system = 12
bMethod used: bivariate logistic regression showing unadjusted univariable odds ratios and confidence intervals
cAll (n = 23) reported history of violence and therefore OR with 95 % CI not showed
dAt least once a month
eSOC-score measured in early pregnancy