Fig. 4.

Pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic roles of Th17 cells in lung cancer pathogenesis depend on Th17 cell cytokine production. Th17 cells are cardinal producers of IL-17, a family of pro-inflammatory cytokines orchestrating a variety of molecular mechanisms that promote lung tumorigenesis. For specific pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression stimulated by IL-17A or -F, refer to text in Section “Th17 cells and lung cancer”