Table 1.
Selected models for gaze orientation and their general characteristics
| Scope (Replicated Experiments) |
General Features |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Saccade (fast phase) | Fixation (slow phase) | Switching (OPN) | Eye only or eye/head movements | Central responses | Lesions | Initial conditions | Perturbations during gaze shift | Independent head goals | Independent plant controller or shared feedback controller | Black box or Physiological model | Includes ideal integrators or plant models | 1D, 2D, or 3D gaze orientation | Model includes cerebellum |
| Zee et al. (1976) | Y | N | N | E | N | VL | N | N | N | B | II | 1D | N | |
| Miles and Lisberger (1981) | N | Y | N | EH | N | VL | N | N | Y | P&B | 1D | N | ||
| Laurutis and Robinson (1986) | Y | Y | Y | EH | N | None | N | Y | Y | I | P&B | II | 1D | N |
| Lefèvre et al. (1992) | Y | Y | Y | EH | N | VL | N | N | Y | I | P&B | II | 1D | N |
| Galiana and Guitton (1992) | Y | Y | Y | EH | Y | L | Y | N | N | SF | P | PM | 1D | N |
| Dean (1995) | Y | N | N | E | N | VL | N | N | N | B | II | 1D | Y | |
| Phillips et al. (1995) | Y | Y | Y | EH | N | VL | N | N | N | I | P | II | 1D | N |
| Goossens and Van Opstal (1997) | Y | Y | N | EH | N | VL | Y | N | Y | SF | P&B | II | 2D | N |
| Quaia et al. (1999) | Y | Y | N | E | N | L | N | N | N | P | 2D | Y | ||
| Freedman (2001) | Y | Y | N | EH | N | None | N | N | Y | I | B | II | 1D | N |
| Prsa and Galiana (2007) | Y | Y | Y | EH | Y | M | Y | N | N | SF | P | PM | 1D | N |
| Kardamakis et al. (2010) | Y | Y | Y | EH | Y | VL | Y | N | Y | I | P | II | 1D | N |
| Daye et al. (2013) | Y | Y | N | EH | N | VL | Y | N | Y | SF | P&B | II | 2D | Y |
| Daemi and Crawford (2014) | Y | Y | N | EH | N | None | Y | N | Y | I | B | 3D | N | |
OPN, omnipause neurons; Y, yes; N, no; E, eye movement; EH, eye/head movement; VL, very limited lesions; L, limited lesions; M, multiple lesions; I, independent plant controller; SF, shared feedback; B, black box model; P, physiological model; II, ideal integrators; PM, plant models; 1D, 2D, and 3D indicate 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional.