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TNF‐α increased the expressions of CXC chemokines and receptors in RCC cells. A498 (A, B) and RCC cells (C, D, E) were treated with or without TNF‐α (50 ng/ml) for 24 hrs. The expression levels of chemokine receptors (A), chemokines (B), CXCR2 (C), CXCR3 (D) and CXCL5 (E) were examined by RT‐qPCR. The results are representative of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. TNF‐α, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha.
