Table 1.

Random Intercept Regression Models Predicting Frequency of Contacts with Mother (N = 12,313; n = 24).

Variables	(Model 1)	(Model 2)	(Model 3)
Individual level
Female	0.431***	0.430***	0.114
	(0.027)	(0.027)	(0.066)
(Age 35–44)
Age 18–24	0.269***	0.271***	0.044
	(0.052)	(0.052)	(0.116)
Age 25–34	0.144***	0.145***	0.246**
	(0.034)	(0.034)	(0.083)
Age 45–54	−0.034	−0.035	0.137
	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.093)
Age 55+	−0.111*	−0.113*	−0.011
	(0.049)	(0.049)	(0.132)
(Not married)
Married/Cohabiting	0.001	0.001	−0.002
	(0.030)	(0.030)	(0.030)
Number of children	−0.032**	−0.032**	−0.032**
	(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.011)
Number of siblings	−0.068***	−0.067***	−0.067***
	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)
(Primary education)
Secondary education	0.145***	0.143***	0.596***
	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.112)
High education	0.317***	0.318***	0.943***
	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.106)
Employed	0.024	0.023	0.036
	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.028)
Religiosity	0.026**	0.027**	0.029**
	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.009)
Familistic attitudes	0.115***	0.117***	0.119***
	(0.013)	(0.013)	(0.013)
Proximity (travel time)	−0.128***	−0.128***	−0.127***
	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)
Country level
GNP per capita (ln)	–	0.079	0.021
		(0.195)	(0.193)
Mobile subscriptions	–	0.010*	0.015***
		(0.004)	(0.004)
Cross-level interactions
Female × Mobile sub.	–	–	0.006***
			(0.001)
Age 15–24 × Mobile sub.	–	–	0.004*
			(0.002)
Age 25–34 × Mobile sub.	–	–	−0.002
			(0.001)
Age 45–54 × Mobile sub.	–	–	0.000
			(0.000)
Age 55+ × Mobile sub.	–	–	−0.003*
			(0.002)
Secondary educ. × Mobile sub.	–	–	−0.007***
			(0.002)
High educ. × Mobile sub.	–	–	−0.010***
			(0.002)
Constant	3.707***	2.300	2.543
	(0.113)	(1.786)	(1.762)
St. deviation (individual)	1.400***	1.400***	1.396***
	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.009)
St. deviation (country)	0.411***	0.311***	0.306***
	(0.061)	(0.047)	(0.046)
Rho	0.079	0.047	0.046
LR-chi 2	1226	1239	1318
Df	14	16	23
Log Likelihood	−21662	−21656	−21616

^***p<0.001,

^**p<0.01,

^*p<0.05. Standard errors in parentheses.