TABLE 3 .
Comparison of virotypes and virulence-associated traits and genes in Escherichia coli ST131
| Virotype or virulence-associated trait and gene | fimH allele or sublineage | Total no. of isolates (n = 132) | No. of isolates (%) from: |
P valued | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nepal (n = 54) | Japan (n = 12)a | Other Asian countries (n = 3)b | USA (n = 29)b | Europe (n = 29)b,c | Africa (n = 5)b | ||||
| Virotypes | |||||||||
| A | Total | 12 | 5 (9.3) | 2 (16.7) | 0 | 1 (3.4) | 4 (13.8) | 0 | 0.619 |
| H30Rx | 9 | 5 (9.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (6.9) | ||||
| H30R | 1 | 1 (8.3) | |||||||
| H41 | 2 | 2 (6.9) | |||||||
| B | Total | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (13.8) | 0 | 0.012 |
| H30Rx | 1 | 0 | 1 (3.4) | ||||||
| H30R | 1 | 1 (3.4) | |||||||
| H41 | 2 | 2 (6.9) | |||||||
| C | Total | 54 | 13 (24.1) | 6 (50) | 2 (66.7) | 23 (79.3) | 9 (31) | 1 (20) | <0.001 |
| H30Rx | 33 | 13 (24.1) | 5 (41.7) | 1 (33.3) | 12 (41.4) | 2 (6.9) | |||
| H30R | 14 | 1 (8.3) | 1 (33.3) | 9 (31) | 2 (6.9) | 1 (20) | |||
| H41 | 4 | 2 (6.9) | 2 (6.9) | ||||||
| De | Total | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (31) | 0 | <0.001 |
| H22 | 9 | 9 (31) | |||||||
| E | Total | 18 | 10 (18.5) | 3 (25) | 0 | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (40) | 0.09 |
| H30Rx | 17 | 10 (18.5) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (40) | |||
| H30R | 1 | 1 (8.3) | |||||||
| Other | Total | 35 | 26 (48.1) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (33.3) | 3 (10.3) | 2 (6.9) | 2 (40) | <0.001 |
| H30Rx | 28 | 26 (48.1) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (3.4) | |||||
| H30R | 2 | 2 (6.9) | |||||||
| H27 | 2 | 2 (40) | |||||||
| H41 | 3 | 1 (8.3) | 2 (6.9) | ||||||
| Virulence-associated traits and genes | |||||||||
| Adhesin | |||||||||
| papGII | Total | 46 | 35 (64.8) | 3 (25) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.4) | 4 (80) | <0.001 |
| H30Rx | 43 | 35 (64.8) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (40) | ||
| H30R | 1 | 1 (8.3) | |||||||
| H27 | 2 | 2 (40) | |||||||
| iha | Total | 119 | 53 (98.1) | 10 (83.3) | 3 (100) | 27 (93.1) | 24 (82.8) | 2 (40) | 0.001 |
| H30Rx | 86 | 53 (98.1) | 8 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | 16 (55.2) | 6 (20.7) | 1 (20) | ||
| H30R | 16 | 2 (16.7) | 1 (33.3) | 9 (31) | 3 (10.3) | 1 (20) | |||
| H22 | 4 | 4 (13.8) | |||||||
| H41 | 10 | 2 (6.9) | 8 (27.6) | ||||||
| hra | Total | 33 | 11 (20.4) | 3 (25) | 0 | 8 (27.6) | 0 | 1 (20) | 0.085 |
| H30Rx | 11 | 3 (25) | 8 (27.6) | ||||||
| H27 | 1 | 1 (20) | |||||||
| Toxin | |||||||||
| hlyA | Total | 20 | 10 (18.5) | 3 (25) | 0 | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.4) | 4 (80) | <0.001 |
| H30Rx | 7 | 2 (16.7) | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (40) | ||||
| H30R | 1 | 1 (8.3) | |||||||
| H27 | 2 | 2 (40) | |||||||
| cnf1 | Total | 19 | 9 (16.7) | 3 (25) | 0 | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.4) | 4 (80) | <0.001 |
| H30Rx | 7 | 2 (16.7) | 2 (6.9) | 1 (3.4) | 2 (40) | ||||
| H30R | 1 | 1 (8.3) | |||||||
| H27 | 2 (40) | ||||||||
| sat | Total | 118 | 54 (100) | 10 (83.3) | 3 (100) | 26 (89.7) | 22 (75.9) | 3 (60) | 0.004 |
| H30Rx | 33 | 8 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | 15 (51.7) | 6 (20.7) | 2 (40) | |||
| H30R | 16 | 2 (16.7) | 1 (33.3) | 9 (31) | 3 (10.3) | 1 (20) | |||
| H22 | 4 | 4 (13.8) | |||||||
| H41 | 8 | 2 (6.9) | 6 (20.7) | ||||||
| Siderophore | |||||||||
| iroN | Total | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 (37.9) | 0 | <0.001 |
| H30Rx | 1 | 1 (3.4) | |||||||
| H30R | 1 | 1 (3.4) | |||||||
| H22 | 7 | 7 (24.1) | |||||||
| H41 | 2 | 2 (6.9) | |||||||
| fyuA | Total | 130 | 53 (98.1) | 12 (100) | 3 (100) | 29 (100) | 28 (96.6) | 5 (100) | 0.911 |
| H30Rx | 87 | 53 (98.1) | 8 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | 16 (55.2) | 6 (20.7) | 2 (40) | ||
| H30R | 19 | 3 (25) | 1 (33.3) | 11 (37.9) | 3 (10.3) | 1 (20) | |||
| H22 | 9 | 9 (31) | |||||||
| H27 | 2 | 2 (40) | |||||||
| H41 | 11 | 1 (8.3) | 2 (6.9) | 8 (27.6) | |||||
| ireA | Total | 3 | 2 (3.7) | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.009 |
| H30Rx | 3 | 2 (3.7) | 1 (33.3) | ||||||
| Protectins | |||||||||
| kfiA | Total | 43 | 13 (23.6) | 4 (33.3) | 0 | 13 (44.8) | 9 (31) | 4 (80) | 0.066 |
| H30Rx | 28 | 13 (23.6) | 2 (16.7) | 9 (31) | 2 (6.9) | 2 (40) | |||
| H30R | 8 | 2 (16.7) | 4 (13.8) | 1 (3.4) | 1 (20) | ||||
| H22 | 4 | 4 (13.8) | |||||||
| H27 | 1 | 1 (20) | |||||||
| iss | Total | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 (33.3) | 0 | 8 (27.6) | 0 | <0.001 |
| H30Rx | 1 | 1 (33.3) | |||||||
| H30R | 1 | 1 (3.4) | |||||||
| H22 | 5 | 5 (17.2) | |||||||
| H41 | 2 | 2 (6.9) | |||||||
| Invasin | |||||||||
| ibeA | Total | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (31) | 0 | <0.001 |
| H22 | 9 | 9 (31) | |||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||
| traT | Total | 107 | 47 (87) | 10 (83.3) | 1 (33.3) | 17 (58.6) | 29 (100) | 3 (60) | <0.001 |
| H30Rx | 68 | 47 (87) | 7 (58.3) | 6 (20.7) | 6 (20.7) | 2 (40) | |||
| H30R | 16 | 3 (25) | 1 (33.3) | 9 (31) | 3 (10.3) | ||||
| H22 | 9 | 9 (31) | |||||||
| H27 | 1 | 1 (20) | |||||||
| H41 | 10 | 2 (6.9) | 8 (27.6) | ||||||
| ompT | Total | 129 | 54 (100) | 12 (100) | 2 (66.7) | 28 (96.6) | 28 (96.6) | 5 (100) | 0.01 |
| H30Rx | 87 | 54 (100) | 8 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 16 (55.2) | 6 (20.7) | 2 (40) | ||
| H30R | 18 | 3 (25) | 1 (33.3) | 10 (34.5) | 3 (10.3) | 1 (20) | |||
| H22 | 9 | 9 (31) | |||||||
| H27 | 2 | 2 (40) | |||||||
| H41 | 11 | 1 (8.3) | 2 (6.9) | 8 (27.6) | |||||
| malX | Total | 131 | 54 (100) | 12 (100) | 3 (100) | 29 (100) | 28 (96.6) | 5 (100) | 0.911 |
| H30Rx | 88 | 54 (100) | 8 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | 16 (55.2) | 6 (20.7) | 2 (40) | ||
| H30R | 19 | 3 (25) | 1 (33.3) | 11 (37.9) | 3 (10.3) | 1 (20) | |||
| H22 | 9 | 9 (31) | |||||||
| H27 | 2 | 2 (40) | |||||||
| H41 | 11 | 1 (8.3) | 2 | 8 (27.6) | |||||
a
Includes one publicly available sequence of E. coli ST131.
b
Publicly available sequence data for E. coli ST131.
c
Three isolates from Europe were from Lebanon.
d
The P values are comparing the prevalence of each antibiotic resistance gene among geographical regions. P values in boldface type represent statistically significant results.
e
All isolates of virotype D were identified as D3.