Table 1. Reported geographic distribution of Spondweni virus*.
| Country | Seroprevelance† (Humans) | Virus isolation (Human) | Virus isolation (Mosquito) | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angola | X | [68] | ||
| Botswana | X | [69] | ||
| Burkina Faso | X | [70] | ||
| Cameroon | X | X | Eretmapodites spp. | [70,71] |
| Ethiopia | X | [72] | ||
| Gabon | X | [70] | ||
| Mozambique | X | Aedes fryeri/fowleri | [73] | |
| Namibia | X | [69] | ||
| Nigeria | X | X | [6] | |
| South Africa | X | Ae. circumluteolus, Ae. cumminsi, Culex neavi, Cx. univittatus, Er. silvestris, Mansonia africana, Ma. uniformis | [7,18,20,21] |
*Does not include laboratory-acquired infections.
† Seroprevalence was determined by one or more of the following methods: Hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization and/or complement-fixation.
It is possible due to antigenic cross-reactivity among flaviviruses that seropositive individuals may have been previously exposed to one or more flaviviruses and not to Spondweni virus.